ALS (Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis) Clinical Trial
Official title:
Functional Assessment of the Melanopsin-Containing Retinal Ganglion Cells in Progressive Supranuclear Palsy Using Chromatic Pupillometry
The specific aim of this study is to investigate rod, cone and melanopsin driven pupillary
light response in individuals with progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), age-matched healthy
controls and individuals with other neurodegenerative diseases using chromatic pupillometry,
with special interest in assessing melanopsin-driven post-illumination pupil response (PIPR)
as an identifier for PSP.
The study addresses the following hypotheses:
1. Chromatic pupil responses, including rod/cone-driven rapid phase constriction and
melanopsin-driven PIPR, are reduced in subjects with PSP compared to age-matched normal
healthy control subjects,
2. Pupil parameters of the melanopsin-driven PIPR are abnormal in PSP subjects without
supranuclear palsy, which is indicative of a subclinical physiological deficit of the
OPN in the early stages of PSP.
If these hypotheses are upheld, chromatic pupillometry to measure the PIPR promises to be a
reliable in vivo, non-invasive, convenient and inexpensive technique to detect asymptomatic
pupillomotor impairment in advance of diagnostic oculomotor signs and deterioration of
cognitive function.
In 1963, Richardson, Steele and Olszewski published a landmark clinical report on 8 cases of
supranuclear ophthalmoplegia, pseudobulbar palsy, nuchal dystonia and dementia and
established the syndrome of heterogeneous system degeneration as a clinicopathological entity
now known as PSP. The disease has a characteristic onset in the sixth decade (range 45 to 75
years) with some combination of impaired balance, abrupt falls, visual disturbances, slurred
speech, dysphasia and vague changes in personality.
Slowing of voluntary vertical saccades, either down, up or both are a diagnostic marker of
PSP and later impairment of voluntary horizontal saccades are characteristic in more than
half of the cases. However, a proportion of PSP patients do not demonstrate these eye signs
for a year or more after the onset of the disease.
This pilot study will use chromatic pupillometry to determine whether such a novel
methodology may be used as an objective in vivo identifier of PSP. The rationale for the
study is based in part on:
1. Clinicopathological correlation between the key clinical signs of a supranuclear gaze
palsy with pathological verification that the degenerative process affects the pretectum
and rostral midbrain,
2. The melanopsin-signaling pathway from ipRGCs (intrinsically photosensitive retinal
ganglion cells) in the eye projects to the OPN (olivary pretectal nucleus) in the
midbrain,
3. Chromatic pupillometry is a non-invasive technique suitable for elderly subjects with or
without dementia.
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