Clinical Trial for Alcohol Use Disorder and Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)

Alcohol Abuse Clinical Trial

Official title:

A Randomized Controlled Trial of N-Acetylcysteine for Alcohol Use Disorder and Comorbid Post Traumatic Stress Disorder

Clinical Trial Details — Status: Completed

Administrative data

• NCT number: NCT02966873
• Other study ID #: Pro00056889
• Secondary ID: 1R01AA025086
• Status: Completed
• Phase: Phase 2
• Start date: October 1, 2016
• Est. completion date: September 19, 2022

Study information

• Verified date: April 2023
• Source: Medical University of South Carolina
• Contact: n/a
• Is FDA regulated: No
• Study type: Interventional

Clinical Trial Summary

This is a randomized controlled Phase II clinical trial designed to evaluate the effects of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) in reducing Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD) severity and Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) symptomatology among individuals with current AUD and PTSD.

Description:

The primary objective of the proposed Phase II study is to evaluate the effects of N-acetylcysteine (NAC), in reducing (1) Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD) severity and (2) Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) symptomatology among individuals (N=200) with current AUD and PTSD. We will also use functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) to investigate the neural circuitry and neurochemistry underlying comorbid AUD/PTSD and prognostic indicators of positive treatment response. Secondary objectives are to evaluate the effects of NAC on impairment in associated areas of functioning (e.g., depression, anxiety, sleep, risky behaviors). In order to accomplish this we will (1) employ an intent-to-treat, double-blind, placebo-controlled randomized controlled trial that will consist of 12 weeks of treatment with NAC (2400 mg per day) or placebo medication; (2) examine standardized, repeated dependent measures of clinical outcomes at baseline, week 6, week 12, and 3-, 6-, and 12-month follow-up; and (3) employ advanced neuroimaging methodologies, a laboratory cue paradigm, and collect biologic measures of alcohol consumption. All participants will also undergo weekly individual cognitive behavior therapy sessions (CBT).The following specific aims are proposed: Specific Aim 1: To determine the efficacy of N-acetylcysteine (NAC), as compared to placebo, in reducing alcohol use severity (i.e., total standard drinks, percent days drinking, abstinence rates) and craving. Specific Aim 2: To determine the efficacy of N-acetylcysteine (NAC), as compared to placebo, in reducing self-report and clinician-rated PTSD symptomatology. Specific Aim 3: To use multimodal neuroimaging techniques to investigate the pathophysiology underlying AUD and comorbid PTSD, and prognostic indicators of treatment outcome. The proposed study will answer critical questions regarding the potential of NAC as an effective pharmacotherapy for AUD and comorbid PTSD, and elucidate possible mechanisms underlying improved outcomes. This study has the particular advantage of building directly on positive preliminary findings by (1) further testing NAC in the treatment of individuals with co-occurring AUD/PTSD using a double-blind, placebo-controlled randomized design; (2) measuring functioning in related areas, such as depression and risky behaviors; (3) employing innovative measurements including neuroimaging and laboratory cue paradigms; and (4) employing a multidisciplinary team of experts who have successfully collaborated in the past and are uniquely qualified to implement this type of investigation. This project is directly responsive to the mission of the National Institute of Alcohol and Alcoholism (NIAAA) and the new AUD/PTSD initiative in that it seeks to evaluate a promising therapeutic agent for the treatment of AUD/PTSD and identify neurobiological mechanisms common to AUD/PTSD as potential treatment targets. The findings from this study have the potential to significantly improve the standard of patient care, advance the comorbidity science in this area, and decrease public health expenditures associated with AUD and comorbid PTSD.

Recruitment information / eligibility

• Status: Completed
• Enrollment: 182
• Est. completion date: September 19, 2022
• Est. primary completion date: September 16, 2021
• Accepts healthy volunteers: Accepts Healthy Volunteers
• Gender: All
• Age group: 18 Years to 70 Years

Eligibility

Inclusion Criteria:

1. Male or female; any race or ethnicity; age 18 to 70 years old.

2. Subjects must be able to comprehend English.

3. Meet DSM-5 criteria for current alcohol use disorder (AUD).

4. Meet DSM-5 criteria for current PTSD or subthreshold PTSD. Subjects may also meet criteria for a mood disorder (except bipolar affective disorder, see Exclusion Criteria) or other anxiety disorders (panic disorder, agoraphobia, social phobia, generalized anxiety disorder, or obsessive compulsive disorder). The inclusion of subjects with affective and other anxiety disorders is essential because of the marked frequency of the co-existence of mood and other anxiety disorders among patients with AUD and PTSD (Brady et al., 2000; Kessler et al., 2005). Subjects may meet Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5) criteria for another substance use disorder as long as AUD is the primary substance of choice.

5. Subjects taking psychotropic medications will be required to be maintained on a stable dose for at least four weeks before treatment initiation. This is because initiation or change of medications during the course of the trial may interfere with interpretation of results.

6. Must consent to random assignment to N-acetylcysteine (NAC) or placebo.

7. Must consent to complete all treatment and follow-up visits.

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Subjects meeting DSM-5 criteria for a history of or current psychotic or bipolar affective disorders, as the study protocol may be therapeutically insufficient.

2. Subjects with a current eating disorder (bulimia, anorexia nervosa) or with dissociative identity disorder, as they are likely to require specific time-intensive psychotherapy.

3. Subjects experiencing significant withdrawal symptoms, as evidence by a score of 10 or above on the Clinical Institute Withdrawal Assessment of Alcohol (CIWA). These subjects will be referred for clinical detoxification and may be re-assessed for study eligibility after medically supervised detoxification has been completed.

4. Individuals considered an immediate suicide risk or who are likely to require hospitalization during the course of the study for suicidality. Women who are pregnant, nursing or not practicing an effective form of birth control.

5. Evidence of liver failure; alanine aminotransferase (ALT) or aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels greater than 3 times the upper limit of normal; asthma or any clinically significant medical condition that in the opinion of the investigator would adversely affect safety or study participation.

6. Use of carbamazepine, phenytoin, nitrous oxide, methotrexate, 6 azauridine triacetate, or nitroglycerin within the last 14 days or any other medication felt to have a hazardous interaction if taken with NAC.

7. History of childhood or adult seizures of any cause.

Related Conditions & MeSH terms

• Addiction
• Alcohol Abuse
• Alcohol Drinking
• Alcoholism
• Behavior, Addictive
• Disease
• Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)
• Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic
• Stress Disorders, Traumatic

Intervention

Drug:
• N-Acetylcysteine (NAC) Treatment
Participant will receive 12 weeks of Active Treatment NAC (2400 mg) daily. The study medication will be provided in blister packs in the form of 600 mg tablets. Each participant will be asked to take two (2) 600 mg tablets in the morning and two (2) 600 mg tablets in the evening.

Behavioral:
• Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)
Participant will receive 12 weeks of weekly cognitive-behavioral therapy, medication management, and AE monitoring.

Drug:
• Inactive Placebo Oral Capsule
Participant will receive 12 weeks of inactive placebo. The study medication will be provided in blister packs in the form of 600 mg tablets. Each participant will be asked to take two (2) 600 mg tablets in the morning and two (2) 600 mg tablets in the evening.

Other:
• Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)
Participants will be given the option to complete Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) at two timepoints (pre-treatment and end of treatment).
• Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) Imaging
Participants will be given the option to complete magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) at two timepoints (pre-treatment and end of treatment).

Locations

Country	Name	City	State
United States	Medical University of South Carolina	Charleston	South Carolina
United States	The Charleston Center	Charleston	South Carolina

Sponsors (3)

Lead Sponsor	Collaborator
Medical University of South Carolina	National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA), National Institutes of Health (NIH)

Country where clinical trial is conducted

United States, 

Outcome

Type	Measure	Description	Time frame	Safety issue
Primary	Change in Alcohol Use Severity	Change in Alcohol Use Severity as measured by standard drinks per day using the Time Line Follow Back (TLFB) to measure alcohol consumption.; Fewer standard drinks per day represent better outcomes. Greater change in standard drinks per day represents better outcomes.	From baseline to week 12
Primary	Change in Alcohol Craving - Obsessive Subscale	Change in Alcohol Craving as measured by the Obsessive Compulsive Drinking Scale (OCDS) to measure the obsessive subscale of alcohol craving.; The OCDS is a 14-item questionnaire that measures alcohol use and attempts to control drinking. Obsessive subscale includes items 1-6.; Each item is scored on a scale from 0 to 4. Scores range from 0 to 28, with lower scores representing better outcomes.	From baseline to week 12
Primary	Change in Post Traumatic Stress Disorder Symptom Severity - Clinician Rated	Change in Post Traumatic Stress Disorder symptom severity as measured by Clinician Administered PTSD Scale (CAPS-5) for clinician-rated posttraumatic stress symptoms.; The CAPS-5 is a 30-item structured interview. CAPS-5 total symptom severity score is calculated by summing severity scores for the 20 PTSD symptoms, each with severity scores ranging from 0-4. The overall total severity score for CAPS-5 ranges from 0-80, with lower scores representing better outcomes (less severe PTSD).	From baseline to week 12
Primary	Change in Post Traumatic Stress Disorder Symptom Severity - Self Report	Change in Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) symptom severity as measured by the Posttraumatic Checklist for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition [DSM-5](PCL-5) for self-reported symptoms.; The PCL-5 is a 20-item self-report measure that assesses the 20 symptoms of PTSD. The rating scale is 0-4 for each symptom/item, and overall scores range from 0-80, with lower scores representing better outcomes (less severe PTSD).	From baseline to week 12
Primary	Change in Alcohol Craving - Compulsive Subscale	Change in Alcohol Craving as measured by the Obsessive Compulsive Drinking Scale (OCDS) to measure the compulsive subscale of alcohol craving.; The OCDS is a 14-item questionnaire that measures alcohol use and attempts to control drinking. Compulsive subscale includes items 7-14.; Each item is scored on a scale from 0 to 4. Scores range from 0 to 32, with lower scores representing better outcomes.	From baseline to week 12
Primary	Change in Alcohol Use Severity - Percent Days Abstinent	Change in Alcohol Use Severity as measured by the percent days abstinent using the Time Line Follow Back (TLFB) to measure alcohol consumption.; Greater percentage of days of abstinence represents better outcomes. Greater change in Percent Days Abstinent represents better outcomes.	From baseline to week 12