Effects of Resistance Training With High vs. Light-moderate Loads on Muscle-tendon Function in the Elderly

Aging Clinical Trial

Official title:

Effects of Resistance Training With High vs. Light-moderate Loads on Muscle-tendon Function in the Elderly

Clinical Trial Details — Status: Completed

Administrative data

• NCT number: NCT03724461
• Other study ID #: DEP2015-69386-R
• Status: Completed
• Phase: N/A
• Start date: September 1, 2017
• Est. completion date: March 12, 2020

Study information

• Verified date: June 2020
• Source: University of Castilla-La Mancha
• Contact: n/a
• Is FDA regulated: No
• Study type: Interventional

Clinical Trial Summary

There are no unbiased studies that have analyzed the effects of resistance training with traditional, heavy versus light-moderate loads on muscle, tendon and bone in elderly people.

The purpose of the present study is to assess the effects on muscle mass and function, tendon and bone of two different training intensities, light-moderate vs. heavy load, in people older than 65 years old.

The study will be carried out with a randomized controlled design. Participants will perform single training sessions and a 12-wk dynamic resistance training program on the knee extensors with different training intensities on each leg. One leg will train with heavy loads and the other one will train with light-moderate loads, but matching the load x repetitions performed by the contralateral side.

Description:

The decline in muscle function provoked by the aging process and frailty are directly related to decreases in mobility and the ability to perform the so called "daily life activities". Resistance training is especially useful at this stage, given that it is an effective and widely applicable intervention to control and revert sarcopenia, and the deterioration of tendon and bone function. Despite of the effectiveness of heavy load resistance training, a controversy has arisen in the last years about the effects of lower load resistance training programs to achieve similar adaptations. This is because most of the studies that have compared light-moderate versus heavy load programs did not control the differences in total training load, measured as the overall mechanical work performed during the training program. Therefore, there are no unbiased studies that have analyzed the effects of resistance training with traditional, heavy versus light-moderate loads on muscle, tendon and bone in elderly people.

The purpose of the present study is to assess the effects on muscle mass and function, tendon and bone of two different training intensities, light-moderate vs. heavy load, in people older than 65 years old.

The studies will be carried out with a crossover (acute training sessions) and randomized controlled design (longitudinal training intervention). Participants will perform single training sessions with each resistance training intensity and a 12-wk dynamic resistance training program on the knee extensors with different training intensities on each leg. One leg will train with heavy loads and the other one will train with light-moderate loads, but matching the load x repetitions performed by the contralateral side. Muscle adaptations (EMG, muscle size and architecture), tendon mechanical properties, bone mineral density, blood parameters and life quality will be analyzed before and after the cessation of the training program.

Recruitment information / eligibility

• Status: Completed
• Enrollment: 55
• Est. completion date: March 12, 2020
• Est. primary completion date: March 12, 2020
• Accepts healthy volunteers: Accepts Healthy Volunteers
• Gender: All
• Age group: 65 Years and older

Eligibility

Inclusion Criteria:

• 65 years and older,

• non-institutionalized

• passed physical examination including physical function assessment (no frailty status; SPPB >7 points)

Exclusion Criteria:

• Neurological, musculoskeletal, or other disorder that would preclude completing resistance training and all performance tests

• Uncontrolled hypertension, unstable or exercise-induced angina pectoris or myocardial ischemia or any other medical condition that would interfere with testing or increase one's risk of complications during exercise.

• History of regular resistance exercise during the previous 3 years

• Knee prosthesis

Related Conditions & MeSH terms

• Aging
• Frail Elderly Syndrome
• Sarcopenia

Intervention

Behavioral:
• High Intensity resistance training (12 weeks)
High intensity resistance training (80% of 1 repetition maximum), 2 d/wk (Longitudinal)
• Light-moderate intensity resistance training (12 weeks)
Light-moderate intensity resistance training (40% of 1 repetition maximum), 2 d/wk (Longitudinal)
• Control (12 weeks)
No resistance training during the intervention period.
• One High Intensity resistance training session
High intensity resistance training, 1 training session
• One Light-moderate intensity resistance training session
Light-moderate intensity resistance training, 1 training session

Locations

Country	Name	City	State
Spain	Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Laboratorio de Actividad Física y Función Muscular. Campus de la Fábrica de Armas. Avda. Carlos III s/n	Toledo

Sponsors (3)

Lead Sponsor	Collaborator
University of Castilla-La Mancha	Biomedical Research Networking Center on Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES), Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad, Spain

Country where clinical trial is conducted

Spain, 

Outcome

Type	Measure	Description	Time frame	Safety issue
Primary	Acute change in muscle size (cross sectional area, cm2)	Ultrasound-based determination quadriceps muscle size and architecture.	Change from baseline at 5 minutes after a training session
Primary	Change in muscle size (cross sectional area, cm2)	Ultrasound-based determination quadriceps muscle size and architecture.	Change from baseline to week 12
Primary	Acute change in muscle function (N)	Force-velocity profile of the single-leg press exercise	Change from baseline at 5 minutes after a training session
Primary	Change in muscle function (N)	Force-velocity profile of the single-leg press exercise	Change from baseline to week 12
Secondary	Change in patellar tendon stiffness (N/mm)	Ultrasound and force-based measures of tendon mechanical properties.	Change from baseline to week 12
Secondary	Acute change in patellar tendon stiffness (N/mm)	Ultrasound and force-based measures of tendon mechanical properties.	Change from baseline at 5 minutes after a training session
Secondary	Change in muscle mass (kg)	Lean mass determined by Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry	Change from baseline to week 12
Secondary	Change in bone mass (g)	Bone mineral content determined by Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry	Change from baseline to week 12
Secondary	Acute change in muscle excitation (mV)	Electromyographic activity of the knee extensor and flexor muscles during strength assessment and training	Change from baseline at 5 minutes after a training session
Secondary	Change in muscle excitation (mV)	Electromyographic activity of the knee extensor and flexor muscles during strength assessment and training	Change from baseline to week 12
Secondary	Change in physical function	Short Physical Performance Battery	Change from baseline to week 12
Secondary	Blood analysis: Acute change in oxidative stress	Carbonyl proteins (plasma concentration)	Change from baseline at 5 minutes after a training session
Secondary	Blood analysis: Change in oxidative stress	Carbonyl proteins (plasma concentration)	Change from baseline to week 12
Secondary	Blood analysis: Acute change in Inflammation	Interleukin 6, Tumoral necrosis factor Alpha, C reactive protein (plasma concentration)	Change from baseline at 5 minutes after a training session (Acute)
Secondary	Blood analysis: Change in inflammation	Interleukin 6, Tumoral necrosis factor Alpha, C reactive protein (plasma concentration)	Change from baseline to week 12
Secondary	Blood analysis: Acute change in anabolic processes	Testosterone, growth hormone, Insulin growth factor-1 (plasma concentration)	Change from baseline at 5 minutes after a training session
Secondary	Blood analysis: Change in anabolic processes	Testosterone, growth hormone, Insulin growth factor-1 (plasma concentration)	Change from baseline to week 12
Secondary	Blood analysis: Acute change in catabolic processes	Cortisol, Creatin kinase (plasma concentration)	Change from baseline at 5 minutes after a training session
Secondary	Blood analysis: Change in catabolic processes	Cortisol, Creatin kinase (plasma concentration)	Change from baseline to week 12