Neuroinflammation as a Predictor of Chronicity in Whiplash

Whiplash Injuries Clinical Trial

Official title:

Does Peripheral Neuroinflammation Predict Chronicity Following Whiplash?

Clinical Trial Details — Status: Recruiting

Administrative data

• NCT number: NCT04940923
• Other study ID #: 278291/ 070 DIL
• Status: Recruiting
• Start date: June 1, 2021
• Est. completion date: April 2024

Study information

• Verified date: November 2022
• Source: University of Sussex
• Contact: Andrew Dilley, PhD
• Phone: +44 1273 877094
• Email: a.dilley[@]bsms.ac.uk
• Is FDA regulated: No
• Study type: Observational

Clinical Trial Summary

Whiplash describes an injury to the neck caused by a rapid movement of the head. It often occurs during a motor vehicle collision, causing considerable pain and distress. Most patients are diagnosed with whiplash associated disorder grade-2 (WAD2). Half of these patients develop chronic pain. Current treatments for patients are ineffective. It is difficult to predict which patients will develop chronic pain, and therefore how to manage these patients. The characteristics of pain felt by many patients with WAD2 suggests that symptoms are caused by an injury to the nerves in the neck and arm. However, on clinical examination there is no indication that these nerves are significantly injured.

Work from the investigators' laboratory suggests that nerves may be inflamed. In this study, the contribution of nerve inflammation to symptoms early following whiplash will be established. It will determine whether clinical tests are able to identify those patients with inflamed nerves. It will also determine whether the presence of nerve inflammation can be used to identify patients who develop chronic pain. The study will recruit 115 patients within one month following a whiplash injury and thirty-two healthy volunteers. Participants will undergo a clinical assessment. A blood sample will be taken to look for inflammatory proteins and magnetic resonance imaging will be used to identify nerve inflammation in the neck and wrist. Questionnaires to establish neck disability, pain quality and psychological distress will be completed. MRI findings will be compared to healthy controls. At six-months, patients will be asked to repeat the questionnaires, which will be used to identify those patients who have recovered. Twenty-five recovered and twenty-five non-recovered patients will undergo a repeat MRI and clinical assessment. Although patients on this study will not directly benefit, the findings will help with early diagnosis and could refocus treatment to reduce chronic pain.

Recruitment information / eligibility

• Status: Recruiting
• Enrollment: 147
• Est. completion date: April 2024
• Est. primary completion date: March 2023
• Accepts healthy volunteers: Accepts Healthy Volunteers
• Gender: All
• Age group: 18 Years to 60 Years

Eligibility

Inclusion Criteria:

Patients:

1. Male and female patients with chronic whiplash associated disorder that meet the Quebec Task Force Classification of whiplash grade II

2. Within approximately four weeks of their whiplash injury

3. Age 18-60

4. Participants capable of giving informed consent

Healthy Volunteers:

1. Free of neck or upper limb pain

2. No history of a whiplash injury or of neck or arm pain lasting >3 months or any recent cervical or upper limb trauma requiring medical treatment.

3. Age 18-60

4. Participants capable of giving informed consent

Exclusion Criteria:

Patients:

1. Diagnosis of whiplash grade I (neck complaints without physical signs), III (obvious neurological signs) or IV (fracture or dislocation)

2. Experienced concussion or loss of consciousness as a result of the accident

3. Previous history of whiplash

4. Previous history of neck pain or headaches that required treatment

All participants (patients and healthy volunteers):

5. Unsuitability to undergo MRI (assessed with the MRI screening questionnaire)

6. Pregnant

7. History of inflammatory disease (e.g. autoimmune diseases, rheumatoid arthritis), neuropathy, diabetes, cancer or non-medically controlled hypertension

8. Current ongoing steroid treatment

9. Participants with an inadequate understanding of English will also be excluded

Related Conditions & MeSH terms

• Whiplash Injuries

Intervention

Diagnostic Test:
• MRI
T2 weighted and DTI MRI images of brachial plexus and wrist. Quantitative sensory tests include warm and cold detection and pain thresholds, paradoxical heat sensation, mechanical detection thresholds, mechanical pain sensation and thresholds, wind up ratios, vibration thresholds and pressure pain thresholds. Clinical tests include standard neurological tests and test for heightened nerve mechanosensitivity. Blood serum to analyse inflammatory proteins. Questionnaires include neck disability index, painDETECT, PTSD8, pain catastrophising scale, eq-5D-5L, DASS 42 and global perceived recovery

Locations

Country	Name	City	State
United Kingdom	Brighton and Sussex Medical School	Brighton	East Sussex
United Kingdom	Oxford Neuroscience, University of Oxford	Oxford	Oxfordshire

Sponsors (2)

Lead Sponsor	Collaborator
University of Sussex	University of Oxford

Country where clinical trial is conducted

United Kingdom, 

Outcome

Type	Measure	Description	Time frame	Safety issue
Primary	MRI T2-weighted nerve signal strength	T2-weighted nerve signal strength in the brachial plexus and median nerve compared to healthy control group	Baseline
Primary	Change in MRI T2-weighted nerve signal strength	Change in T2-weighted nerve signal strength in the brachial plexus and median nerve at 6 months compared to baseline	From baseline to 6 months
Primary	Fractional anisotropy from diffusion tensor images	Fractional anisotropy measurements from brachial plexus and median nerve compared to healthy controls	Baseline
Primary	Change in fractional anisotropy from Diffusion tensor images	Fractional anisotropy from brachial plexus and median nerve compared to baseline	From baseline to 6 months
Secondary	T1 MRI median nerve morphology	ratio/mm2; continuous data	Baseline
Secondary	Changes to T1 MRI median nerve morphology	ratio/mm2; continuous data	From baseline to 6 months
Secondary	Pro-inflammatory cytokine levels	Proinflammatory cytokine assay (pg/ml) continuous data	Baseline
Secondary	Change in Pro-inflammatory cytokine levels	Proinflammatory cytokine assay (pg/ml) continuous data	From baseline to 6 months
Secondary	Tests for heightened nerve mechanosensitivity- upper limb neurodynamic test (median nerve)	Measures heightened response to tensile load applied to the nerve. Range of elbow extension at point of symptoms (degrees)	Baseline
Secondary	Change to tests for heightened nerve mechanosensitivity- upper limb neurodynamic test (median nerve)	Measures heightened response to tensile load applied to the nerve. Range of elbow extension at point of symptoms (degrees)	From baseline to 6 months
Secondary	Tests for heightened nerve mechanosensitivity- Pressure pain threshold	Algometer applied to ulnar nerve at the cubital tunnel and median nerve at carpal tunnel. Pressure pain threshold (Kg) at point of change from pressure to pain.	Baseline
Secondary	Change in heightened nerve mechanosensitivity- Pressure pain threshold	Algometer applied to ulnar nerve at the cubital tunnel and median nerve at carpal tunnel. Pressure pain threshold (Kg) at point of change from pressure to pain.	From baseline to 6 months
Secondary	Quantitative sensory testing- warm and cold pain thresholds	Thresholds measured over index finger using a thermotester- continuous data measured in degrees Celsius (point at which the probe changes to warm pain or cold pain)	Baseline
Secondary	Change to Quantitative sensory testing- warm and cold pain thresholds	Thresholds measured over index finger using a thermotester- continuous measured in degrees Celsius (point at which the probe changes to warm pain or cold pain)	From baseline to 6 months
Secondary	Quantitative sensory testing- Mechanical pain threshold	Thresholds measured over index finger using a series of weighted pin prick stimulators (mN). Participant scores pain from 0-100 for each stimulus applied. Geometric mean calculated	Baseline
Secondary	Change in Quantitative sensory testing- Mechanical pain threshold	Thresholds measured over index finger using a series of weighted pin prick stimulators (mN). Participant scores pain from 0-100 for each stimulus applied. Geometric mean calculated	From baseline to 6 months
Secondary	Quantitative sensory testing- Pressure pain threshold	Thresholds measured over thenar eminance using an algometer (Kg). Pressure applied and participant indicates when pressure changes to pain (mean of 3)	Baseline
Secondary	Change in quantitative sensory testing- Pressure pain threshold	Thresholds measured over thenar eminance using an algometer (Kg). Pressure applied and participant indicates when pressure changes to pain (mean of 3)	From baseline to 6 months
Secondary	Changes in Pain levels on Visual analogue scale	Participant indicated pain level on a 10cm scale of 0-10	From baseline to 6 months
Secondary	Change in Neck disability index	Neck disability index. Scale -10 questions each scored 0-5. Total score /50	From baseline to 6 months
Secondary	Change in painDETECT questionnaire	A measure of neuropathic pain. A continuous scale: 0-38 or trichotomised: no, unclear, yes. A score of >19 suggests neuropathic pain.	From baseline to 6 months
Secondary	Change in Short post-traumatic stress inventory	A measure of post traumatic stress - 8 questions scale of 0-3	From baseline to 6 months