Upper Limb Injury Clinical Trial
Official title:
A Longitudinal Investigation of the Factors Associated With Increased Risk of Playing-related Musculoskeletal Disorders Among Music Students
This observational cohort study involves repeated cross-sectional observations in order to
identify those factors associated with increased risk of PRMDs among music students.
All pre-college and university-level students from several European music academies will
receive an invitation to complete a web-based questionnaire survey at each of three occasions
(baseline; 6-months follow-up; 12-months follow-up).
Professional musicians are exposed to chronic high volume of continuous and repeated physical
movements, sometimes in challenging and ergonomically unfavourable anatomical body positions,
in order to acquire and improve technical playing skills. As a consequence, musicians are
vulnerable to developing adverse playing-related musculoskeletal disorders (PRMDs) that may
affect the manner in which and the extent to which music can be practised and performed.
In order to find out effective solutions for PRMDs and to develop future preventive measures,
it is fundamental to firstly identify the main risk factors that play a significant role in
the development of adverse musculoskeletal (MSK) conditions and symptoms.
The longitudinal cohort study will be conducted through the following three phases:
1. a baseline cross-sectional survey (i.e. web-based questionnaire) to characterise the
study population and subgroups, and form the basis for the evaluation of associated
factors and relationships with the development of PRMDs;
2. a 6-months follow-up survey, and
3. a 12-months follow-up survey.
After the first baseline data collection (Phase 1), the cohort of students will be broken
down into:
- Cohort 1: music students (both pre-college and university-level) who are free of pain
and PRMDs at baseline data collection
- Cohort 2: music students (both pre-college and university-level) who aren't free of pain
and PRMDs at baseline data collection
Afterwards, the two cohorts will be followed and invited for reassessment at 6 months (Phase
2) and 12 months (Phase 3).
Both the follow-ups will permit longitudinal change in outcome scores to be generated and
compared (longitudinal comparisons) for strength and progression of association, alongside
those from absolute outcome scores at several cross-sectional analyses.
The web-based survey will include questions about any pain, PRMD and/or MSK problem they may
have due to their musical practice, and different outcome measures (i.e. lifestyle and
physical activity, practice habits, behaviour toward prevention and health history, level of
stress, perfectionism, fatigue and disability).
The outcome measures have been selected according to the relevant findings of previous
cross-sectional studies and systematic reviews among the performing arts literature.
Each outcome measure correspond to a suspected factor that may be associated with the
development of a PRMD.
To the best of our knowledge, no other longitudinal studies on risk factors for PRMDs have
been conducted so far. Therefore, the study can be considered as an opportunity to fill the
gaps of current research on PRMDs and generate new knowledge in educational and employment
musical contexts.
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