Typical Development Clinical Trial
Official title:
The Effects of a Graphomotor Intervention Program According to a Psychomotor Approach on Quality and Speed of Handwriting in School-Age Children: A Randomized Controlled Trial
12-30% of children present handwriting difficulties, which has negative repercussions on their school career. For this reason, it is fundamental to bet on their prevention. The aim of present study is to examine the effects of a graphomotor intervention program on quality and speed of handwriting in second-grade children. This experimental study is a randomized controlled trial. The program will run for 8 weeks (2 sessions/week of 30 minutes), followed by 6 months of follow-up without intervention. Participants will be assessed 1) at baseline, 2) at the end of the program, and 3) after the follow-up. Participants will be randomly allocated to two groups: experimental group (graphomotor intervention program) and control group.
According to estimates (1), 30% to 60% of the school day is spent performing tasks involving
handwriting. It is also in this period that the formal learning of handwriting begins (2).
However, not all children are able to develop proficient handwriting (3-4).
According to Alhusaini, Melam and Buragadda (5) 12% to 30% of children present difficulties
in handwriting, with negative consequences for school success (6).
Children who fail to develop proficient handwriting are entitled to "poor writers" or
"dysgraphics" (7-8).
Dysgraphia refers to a "disturbance or difficulty in the production of written language
related to the mechanics of writing" (9). Ajuriaguerra (8) defines it as a writing whose
quality is deficient, without any neurological or intellectual deficit explaining it.
Generally, handwriting is less legible and organized, contains more erasures and corrections,
and exhibits a slower speed (9).
In addition, this is one of the main reasons for referral and consultation in psychomotricity
in school-age (10), for this reason it is fundamental to bet on the prevention of them.
The need for prevention and early intervention is indisputable (11). Several studies indicate
that both the benefits of late intervention are well-known, because the time is often
difficult to correct handwriting difficulties (12-13).
Most of the existing studies focus on remediation of handwriting (14). There is evidence of
its efficacy in handwriting improvement, depending on its duration, frequency and method of
treatment (5, 7, 15).
There are few studies dedicated to the prevention of handwriting difficulties (14). In
addition, to my knowledge, there is no study whose intervention is based on a psychomotor
approach. Based on this, a graphomotor intervention program with a psychomotor approach was
developed, by Matias and Vieira (16), who will apply in this study to children in the second
grade of elementary school.
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