Typhoid Clinical Trial
Official title:
Typhoid Vi Vaccine Effectiveness in a Population Older Than 5 Years of Age Living in an Endemic Area in Hechi, Guangxi, P.R. China: A Group-Randomized Controlled Demonstration Project
This study is part of International Vaccine Institute (IVI)'s typhoid Vi demonstration project that aims to accelerate the rational introduction of Vi vaccines in typhoid endemic countries. The purpose of this study is to determine the effectiveness of the Vi vaccine following a mass typhoid immunization campaign in an endemic area in Hechi City in the Guangxhi province of China. The cost-effectiveness and safety of Vi vaccination will also be evaluated.
Typhoid fever is a major cause of morbidity worldwide. The disease predominantly affects
school-aged children, is more prevalent in urban areas, may last for several weeks and can
lead to serious complications. Management of this disease is further complicated by the
emergence of multi-drug resistant strains. Vaccination of high risk populations is
considered the most promising strategy for the control of typhoid fever. The Vi
polysaccharide vaccine has been targeted for accelerated introduction into public health
programs due to the following reasons: it has been shown to have consistent efficacy results
even in areas of high typhoid incidence, is given as a single dose, lacks patent protection
and requires less strict cold chain requirements.
This project attempts to evaluate a new vaccination strategy for residents of endemic areas.
A cluster-randomized trial involving the Vi polysaccharide vaccine and an active control
(meningococcal A vaccine) was designed to determine the effectiveness and the feasibility of
providing Vi vaccine under actual programmatic conditions in 2 populous townships of Hechi
City. The vaccines used in this study are locally produced and licensed in China. A 1 year
pilot phase will precede the actual Vi-demonstration project. Surveillance for typhoid fever
cases will continue after the mass immunization campaign. A passive surveillance system to
evaluate adverse events following immunization will be implemented. Socio-economic studies
will be conducted in parallel to the effectiveness evaluation. The knowledge, attitudes,
beliefs and practices among parents and health care providers regarding typhoid illness,
treatment and prevention will be assessed. Logistic, feasibility and vaccine costs will also
be determined.
Secondary objectives of this trial are:
- To estimate the logistic feasibility of a mass typhoid immunization campaign
- To assess the knowledge, attitudes, beliefs and practices among parents and health care
providers regarding typhoid illness, treatment and prevention
- To study typhoid fever risk factors in the population
;
Allocation: Randomized, Endpoint Classification: Efficacy Study, Intervention Model: Single Group Assignment, Masking: Double-Blind, Primary Purpose: Prevention
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