Tuberous Sclerosis Complex Clinical Trial
Official title:
Potential EEG Biomarkers and Antiepileptogenic Strategies for Epilepsy in TSC
To determine whether EEGs during infancy is a reliable biomarker to identify TSC patients that will develop infantile spasms/epilepsy in the near future and thus are appropriate candidates for an antiepileptogenic drug trial. Since not all patients with TSC develop epilepsy, it would be useful to have a biomarker that could predict those patients destined to have epilepsy and thus identify those TSC patients most appropriate for an antiepileptogenic drug trial. A recent study suggests that treating TSC patients with an abnormal EEG prior to onset of infantile spasms with vigabatrin may improve neurological outcome, but the use of EEG as a reliable biomarker of future epilepsy has not been rigorously validated. In this specific aim, we will test the reliability of EEG in predicting future development of infantile spasms or epilepsy in TSC patients during the first year of life.
Current therapeutic approaches for epilepsy primarily represent symptomatic treatments that
suppress seizures, but have not been demonstrated to prevent epilepsy or modify disease
progression. In recent years, there have been tremendous interest and effort by basic
scientists and clinicians in epilepsy in developing disease-modifying or "antiepileptogenic"
therapies. However, these efforts are hindered by a couple significant limitations: 1)
difficulty in identifying an appropriate high-risk patient population in which a preventative
approach is feasible and justifiable, and 2) lack of appropriate drug targets with
antiepileptogenic properties. Tuberous Sclerosis Complex (TSC) is one of the most common
genetic causes of epilepsy and a subset of TSC patients may represent a rational, feasible
population to target with an antiepileptogenic approach for several reasons. First of all,
some patients are diagnosed with TSC at a young age before the onset of epilepsy due to
non-neurological findings - thus, it is feasible to identify these patients and initiate a
potential antiepileptogenic treatment at an early stage of epileptogenesis. Second, these
patients are at high risk for developing epilepsy (~80%) in the future, including infantile
spasms (~35%), a particularly devastating type of childhood epilepsy with a poor prognosis -
thus, initiating a therapy with potential side effects in a pre-symptomatic stage can likely
be justified in TSC patients. Finally, the identification of the mTOR pathway in the
pathophysiology of TSC suggests that mTOR inhibitors could have antiepileptogenic properties
in TSC, as already supported by pre-clinical animal studies - thus, a rational
mechanistically-based treatment potentially already exists and can be readily tested in TSC
patients. However, there may be significant risks and side effects of mTOR inhibitors,
especially during early childhood, such as chronic immunosuppression and theoretical effects
on learning, growth, and development. Thus, before initiating an antiepileptogenic drug trial
in TSC patients, it would be beneficial to obtain further evidence to optimize the selection
criteria and treatment paradigms to maximize efficacy and minimize side effects of mTOR
inhibitors.
The aim of this clinical trial is to determine whether EEGs during infancy is a reliable
biomarker to identify TSC patients that will develop infantile spasms/epilepsy in the near
future and thus are appropriate candidates for an antiepileptogenic drug trial.
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