Clinical Trials Logo

Clinical Trial Summary

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a heterogeneous disorder of reproductive, endocrine and metabolic functions. Vitamin D has an influence on metabolic and reproductive functions. This study was designed to explore the levels of free 25 hydroxy cholecalciferol [25(OH) D] in PCOS patients. We also aimed to clarify the impact of vitamin D supplementation on cardiometabolic status, androgen profile and clinical features of PCOS.


Clinical Trial Description

Background Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a heterogeneous disorder affecting 510% of women of reproductive age. It is a disorder that affects the reproductive, endocrine and metabolic functions and is the leading cause of chronic anovulation leading to infertility.

PCOS is characterized by hyperandrogenism, chronic oligo or anovulation, and polycystic ovaries. Hyperandrogenism, in particular, is a hallmark feature of PCOS because it is strongly implicated in the genesis of the disorder; and is also associated with metabolic derangements that contribute to the underlying pathophysiology. Also, it is associated with cardiovascular risk factors including obesity, insulin resistance (IR), dyslipidemia, endothelial dysfunction, and metabolic syndrome.

Vitamin D (VD) is a fat-soluble vitamin that is naturally present in very few foods and available as a dietary supplement. It is a steroid hormone with pleiotropic effects. In addition to the main effects of VD on bone and calcium metabolism, it has other roles in the body, including modulation of cell growth, neuromuscular and immune function, and reduction of inflammation.

VD deficiency is now recognized as pandemic disease. Its prevalence varies according to geographic location, season, ethnicity and the standard laboratory value; of what is considered normal, deficient and insufficient. VD deficiency is a risk factor for hypertension, diabetes, and various cancers . Accumulating evidence suggests that VD deficiency might be a causal factor in the pathogenesis of IR and the metabolic syndrome in PCOS. Carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) measured by ultrasound is a noninvasive, safe, low-cost, reproducible, and well-validated marker of preclinical atherosclerosis.

PCOS is the most frequent endocrine disorder among women of reproductive age and VD deficiency is a key problem in PCOS patients conversely, the basic mechanisms underlying the favorable effects of vitamin D in PCOS are still obscure. Resolving this mechanism may provide insight into the pathophysiology of this syndrome. It can also offer a new therapeutic option for PCOS women. Thus, in the present study was designed to explore the levels of free 25 hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH) D] in PCOS patients. We also aimed to clarify the impact of vitamin D supplementation cardiometabolic status, androgen profile and clinical features of PCOS. Methods This placebo-controlled trial comprised 95 women with PCO recruited from Outpatient Clinics of the Endocrinology Unit of Internal Medicine and Obstetrics and Gynecology Departments, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt and 50 healthy women matched to PCOS women as regard age and ethnic origin. The diagnosis of PCOS was based on the 2004 revised Rotterdam criteria .. All women underwent the menstrual history and thorough clinical examination. All patients were assessed at the study start on the third day of a spontaneous or progesterone-induced menstrual cycle. Anthropometric measures were estimated, including waist/hip ratio, height and weight then we calculated body mass index (BMI). We estimated the hirsutism score according to Ferriman and Gallwey. .Ovarian volume and antral follicular count (AFC) were evaluated by transvaginal ultrasound (TVS). PCOS patients were randomized divided to the intervention group (n=55) received vitamin D supplements (42,000 IU oral vitamin D per week and 500 mg calcium carbonate per day for 12-week), and non-intervention group (n=40) received 500 mg calcium carbonate per day for 12-week. The exclusion criteria for all women included a history of hyperandrogenic states (such as nonclassic congenital adrenal hyperplasia, androgen-secreting tumors, Cushing's syndrome, 21-hydroxylase deficiency, or hyperprolactinemia), DM, hypertension, liver, kidney, or thyroid diseases. In addition, subjects on non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and multivitamin, as well as patients treated with hormone replacement therapy. At the start of the study, the participants were asked to maintain their usual diet and level of physical activity throughout the study period as well as not to receive any lipid-lowering medications and medications that might affect their reproductive physiology during the 12-week intervention. At baseline and at the endpoint of the 12 weeks of study, anthropometrical measurements were estimated as well as and blood samples were collected for biochemical analyses. Written informed consent was taken from all of the participants after explaining details and benefits as well as risks to them. The ethical committee of the Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University approved our study protocol.

2.1. Sampling of blood Blood samples were drawn from all subjects during the early follicular phase of the menstrual cycles. One ml was collected into tubes containing fluoride for fasting plasma glucose (FPG). A second remaining part underwent immediate serum separation and was stored at −20 ◦C until analysis serum. calcium, phosphate, albumin were measured. Total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, and triglycerides levels were determined using routine enzymatic methods (Spinreact, Girona, Spain). Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels were calculated using the Friedewald formula.

2.2. Immunochemical assays: We measured prolactin, FSH, and LH levels via chemiluminescence immunoassays (CLIA) provided by (Immunospec Corporation, CA, USA). Serum high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) concentrations were measured using high sensitivity enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) (Biosource, Nivelles, Belgium). We determined to fast insulin, FSH, LH, total and free testosterone, sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) levels using ELISA kits (DRG International, USA). We calculated insulin resistance (IR) with the homeostatic model assessment (HOMA-IR) index, which is defined as fasting serum insulin (FSI) value (µU/ml) × fasting plasma glucose value (mg/dl)/405. The B cell function was calculated using HOMA- B as (20× (fasting insulin µU/mL)/ (fasting glucose (mmol/l) − 3.5).

2.3.Determination of serum vitamin D levels Serum concentrations of 25(OH)-D were tested using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, [Cat No. EQ 6411-9601, Euroimmun Medizinische Labordiagnostika AG, Germany]. Current recommendations define VD deficiency as serum 25(OH)-D levels less than 20 ng/ml and VD insufficiency less than 30 ng/ml.

2.4. Carotid ultrasonography Carotid artery atherosclerosis was determined by one examiner for all patients across all six sites, using high-resolution B-mode ultrasound (M-Turbo®, SonoSite, Washington, Bothell, USA), according to American Society of Echocardiography protocol. ;


Study Design


Related Conditions & MeSH terms


NCT number NCT04117750
Study type Interventional
Source Zagazig University
Contact
Status Completed
Phase N/A
Start date November 1, 2017
Completion date July 1, 2018

See also
  Status Clinical Trial Phase
Completed NCT04573465 - Pilot Evaluation of Peer-support Coaching to Increase Adherence to Online Self-help for College Mental Health N/A
Withdrawn NCT05566015 - Relationship Between Self-compassion and Treatment Adherence in Schizophrenic Spectrum Disorders N/A
Enrolling by invitation NCT06070415 - Adherence to Exercises for Low Back Pain. N/A
Completed NCT04464421 - SMART Effectiveness Trial N/A
Completed NCT04323215 - Evaluation of a Digital Childhood Obesity Treatment
Completed NCT06434259 - Evaluation of Long-term Digital Childhood Obesity Treatment
Completed NCT05022706 - Pilot Study of a Transition Intervention for ALWH N/A
Recruiting NCT05084625 - PACED-digitized Support During Adjuvant Endocrine Therapy N/A
Completed NCT04377321 - Colchicine Has Anti-diabetic Effect
Enrolling by invitation NCT06115538 - Comparison of Dopamin Level in Idiopathic Parkinson's Patients Phase 4
Completed NCT03842384 - Digital Health Intervention to Support Opioid Use Disorder Treatment N/A
Recruiting NCT05869461 - Improving HIV Adherence Care for Key Populations in India N/A
Active, not recruiting NCT04221789 - TB Treatment Support Tool Interactive Mobile App and Direct Adherence Monitoring on TB Treatment Outcomes N/A
Recruiting NCT05825807 - Adherence to Pharmacological Antiepileptic Treatment in Adolescence
Active, not recruiting NCT04166617 - Assessment Effectiveness of the Leap Motion Capture® System on the Functionality of the Upper Limb in Acquired Brain Injury N/A
Active, not recruiting NCT04166422 - Virtual Reality and Video Games in Cardiac Rehabilitation Programs N/A
Completed NCT04171908 - Semi-inmersive Virtual Reality on Upper Limb in Multiple Sclerosis N/A
Enrolling by invitation NCT05321641 - Evaluation Of A Mobile Messaging Service In Improving Adherence Of Anti-Seizure Medications N/A
Active, not recruiting NCT05907174 - Siyakhana Peer: Evaluating a Peer Recovery Coach Model to Reduce Substance Use Stigma in South African HIV Care N/A
Not yet recruiting NCT05347823 - Study of Adherence to Antihypertensive Drugs and Statins by Hair Analysis