| Eligibility |
Inclusion Criteria:
1. Histologic or cytologic confirmation of thyroid cancer (papillary, follicular,
medullary); histologic variants such as Hurthle and tall cell variants are allowed.
2. Biochemical or radiologic documentation of disease progression within the last 12
months prior to enrollment.
3. Presence of at least one site of measurable disease according to Response Evaluation
Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) criteria version 1.1.
4. Patient must have radioiodine refractory disease as defined by one or more of the
following conditions:
- All cases of medullary thyroid carcinoma.
- No iodine-uptake on a post- radioactive iodine treatment scan (in presence of low
iodine diet and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) suppression) in an anatomically
defined lesion that qualifies as target lesion by RECIST criteria.
OR
• If there is demonstrable iodine-uptake: the last radioiodine therapy of (= 100 mCi)
was given within the last 16 months OR if given more than 16 months before enrollment,
there is evidence of disease progression after each of the last two radioiodine
treatment performed within 16 months of each other (each dose should be = 100mCi).
OR
- If the patient has received the maximum cumulative life time dose of radioactive
iodine treatments of at least 600 mCi.
- If the patient declines or is intolerant of radioiodine therapy or if with
progressive disease that is, in the opinion of the treating physician, likely to
benefit from biologic therapy rather than further iodine therapy e.g. patient
with heavy burden of disease
5. Age = 18 years.
6. Minimum of four weeks since any major surgery or since completion of radiation
(patients should have adequately recovered from the acute toxicities of any prior
therapy).
7. Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status less than or equal to 2.
8. Life expectancy of at least 6 months.
9. Adequate bone marrow function as shown by: absolute neutrophil count (ANC) = 1.5 x
10?/L, platelets = 100 x 10?/L, Hgb > 9 g/dL.
10. Adequate liver function as shown by: serum bilirubin = 1.5 x upper limit of normal
(ULN), and serum transaminases activity = 3 x ULN, with the exception of serum
transaminases (< 5 x ULN) if the patient has liver metastases.
11. Adequate renal function as shown by serum creatinine = 1.5 x ULN or glomerular
filtration rate (GFR) of 60cc/ml using the formula of Cockroft and Gault.
12. Fasting serum cholesterol = 300 mg/dL OR = 7.75 mmol/L AND fasting triglycerides = 2.5
x ULN. NOTE: In case one or both of these thresholds are exceeded, the patient can
only be included after initiation of appropriate lipid lowering medication.
13. Women of childbearing potential must have a negative serum pregnancy test within 14
days of the administration of the first study treatment. Women must not be lactating.
Both men and women of childbearing potential must be advised of the importance of
using effective birth control measures during the course of the study.
14. Signed informed consent to participate in the study must be obtained from patients
after they have been fully informed of the nature and potential risks by the
investigator (or his/her designee) with the aid of written information.
15. International normalized ratio (INR) and prothrombin time (PTT) = 1.5 x ULN.
(Anticoagulation is allowed if target INR = 1.5 on a stable dose of warfarin or on a
stable dose of low molecular weight [LMW] heparin for > 2 weeks at time of
randomization.)
Exclusion Criteria:
1. Prior treatment with not more than 1 systemic agent.
2. Patients who have undergone major surgery within 4 weeks prior to study enrollment
(tracheotomy, feeding tube or vascular access catheter placement and interventional
procedures such as bronchoscopy, upper GI endoscopy or colonoscopy are not considered
major surgery).
3. Chronic treatment with systemic steroids or another immunosuppressive agent.
4. Patients should not receive immunization with attenuated live vaccines during study
period or within 1 week of study entry.
5. Uncontrolled brain or leptomeningeal metastases, including patients who continue to
require glucocorticoids for brain or leptomeningeal metastases.
6. Patients with prior or concurrent malignancy except for the following: adequately
treated basal cell or squamous cell skin cancer, or other adequately treated in situ
cancer, or any other cancer from which the patient has been disease free for five
years.
7. Patients with uncontrolled diabetes mellitus or a fasting plasma glucose > 1.5 ULN.
Note: At the principal investigator's discretion, non-eligible patients can be
re-screened after adequate medical therapy has been instituted.
8. Patients with symptomatic cholelithiasis (asymptomatic gall stone discovered on
screening US should be reviewed by the PI but will not lead to automatic exclusion).
9. Liver disease such as cirrhosis or severe hepatic impairment (Child-Pugh class C):
- History of liver disease, such as cirrhosis or chronic active hepatitis B and C.
- Presence of Hepatitis B surface antigen (HbsAg).
- Presence of Hepatitis C antibody test (anti-HCV).
10. Patients who have congestive heart failure (NYHA Class III or IV), unstable angina,
sustained ventricular tachycardia, ventricular fibrillation, clinically significant
bradycardia, advanced heart block or a history of acute myocardial infarction within
the six months preceding enrollment.
11. QT related exclusion criteria:
- QT corrected Fridericia's method (QTcF) at screening > 470 msec.
- History of syncope or family history of idiopathic sudden death.
- Sustained or clinically significant cardiac arrhythmias.
- Risk factors for Torsades de Pointes such as hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia, cardiac
failure, clinically significant/symptomatic bradycardia, or high-grade
atrioventricular (AV) block.
- Concomitant disease(s) that could prolong QT such as autonomic neuropathy (caused
by diabetes, or Parkinson's disease), HIV, cirrhosis, uncontrolled hypothyroidism
or cardiac failure.
- Concomitant medication(s) known to increase the QT interval.
12. Patients with the presence of active or suspected acute or chronic uncontrolled
infection or with a history of immunocompromise, including a positive HIV test result
(ELISA and Western blot).
13. Patients who have any severe and/or uncontrolled medical conditions or other
conditions that could affect their participation in the study such as:
- Severely impaired lung function (as defined as spirometry and diffusing capacity
of lung for carbon monoxide [DLCO] that is 50% of the normal predicted value
and/or 02 saturation that is 88% or less at rest on room air).
- Any active (acute or chronic) or uncontrolled infection/disorders.
- Nonmalignant medical illnesses that are uncontrolled or whose control may be
jeopardized by the treatment with the study therapy.
- Impairment of gastrointestinal function or gastrointestinal disease that may
significantly alter the absorption of RAD001 (everolimus).
- Patients who have a history of alcohol or drug abuse in the 6 month period prior
to receiving treatment with pasireotide or RAD001.
- History of, or current alcohol misuse/abuse within the past 12 months.
- Acute or chronic pancreatitis.
14. Women who are pregnant or breast feeding, or women/men of reproductive potential who
are not using and unwilling to practice an effective method of birth control. (Women
of childbearing potential [WOCBP] must have a negative serum pregnancy test within 7
days prior to administration of pasireotide and RAD001.)
15. Male patient whose sexual partner(s) are WOCBP who are not willing to use adequate
contraception, during the study and for 8 weeks after the end of treatment.
16. Patients with a known hypersensitivity to RAD001 (everolimus) or other rapamycins
(sirolimus, temsirolimus) or to its excipients.
17. Known hypersensitivity to somatostatin analogues or any component of the pasireotide
or octreotide LAR formulations.
18. History of noncompliance to medical regimens.
19. Patients unwilling to or unable to comply with the protocol.
20. Patients taking medications known to be strong cytochrome P450, family 3, subfamily A
(CYP3A) inhibitors.
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