Trial Evaluating the Clinical Efficacy of Cefixime for Treatment of Early Syphilis in Non-pregnant Women

Syphilis Female Clinical Trial

Official title:

Trial Evaluating the Clinical Efficacy of Cefixime for Treatment of Early Syphilis in Non-pregnant Women

Clinical Trial Details — Status: Recruiting

Administrative data

• NCT number: NCT03752112
• Other study ID #: ERC0003096
• Status: Recruiting
• Phase: Phase 1/Phase 2
• Start date: November 22, 2019
• Est. completion date: September 30, 2021

Study information

• Verified date: January 2020
• Source: World Health Organization
• Contact: Melanie M Taylor, MD
• Phone: +41 22 791 2172
• Email: mtaylor[@]who.int
• Is FDA regulated: No
• Study type: Interventional

Clinical Trial Summary

Hypotheses The antibiotic, Cefixime, for use in non-pregnant women with early syphilis will be efficacious and safe.

Primary Objective The primary objective of the study is to demonstrate the efficacy, as measured by a 4 fold decrease in Rapid Plasma Reagin (RPR) titer from baseline to 6 months after treatment, with Cefixime 400mg taken orally two times a day for 10 consecutive days.

Secondary Objective The secondary objective of the study is to determine the safety, as measured by the number of grade 3 or greater toxicities experienced, using the NIH/NCI toxicity score, during or after treatment with Cefixime 400mg taken orally two times a day for 10 consecutive days.

Description:

Hypotheses The antibiotic, Cefixime, for use in non-pregnant women with early syphilis will be efficacious and safe.

Primary Objective The primary objective of the study is to demonstrate the efficacy, as measured by a 4 fold decrease in Rapid Plasma Reagin (RPR) titer from baseline to 6 months after treatment, with Cefixime 400mg taken orally two times a day for 10 consecutive days.

Secondary Objective The secondary objective of the study is to determine the safety, as measured by the number of grade 3 or greater toxicities experienced, using the NIH/NCI toxicity score (10), during or after treatment with Cefixime 400mg taken orally two times a day for 10 consecutive days.

Methods Study design This is a randomized, non-comparative, open-label study assessing the efficacy and safety of cefixime 400mg taken orally two times a day for 10 consecutive days in non-pregnant women with early syphilis infection.

Study population and enrolment sites Numerous regions of Brazil have experienced increases in syphilis diagnoses during the previous 5 years The study sites were chosen from three cities in three separate regions (states) of Brazil based on: (1) increases in syphilis case reports, (2) access to clinics where patients are screened and treated for syphilis; (3) willingness of clinic sites and staff to participate in this research, and (4) the availability of experienced researchers with experience in studying syphilis to serve as co-investigators.

The study population will include non-pregnant women (ages 18 and over) diagnosed with early syphilis (RPR titers >1:8) recruited from 7 clinics in three cities from three states in Brazil. These include: (1) Three clinics in the city of Fortaleza (Ceara State), coordinated by the University of Fortaleza (UNIFOR): (a) Carlos Ribeiro, (a) Meireles, and (c) Federal University. Syphilis epidemiology for each site in Annex 1. (2) Two University ObGyn Clinics in the city of Pelotas (state of Rio Grande do Sul) (5-6 cases of syphilis/week) a) Ambulatorio de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia - Faculdade de Medicina - Universidade Federal de Pelotas and b) Ambulatorio de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia - Campus da Saúde - Universidade Católica de Pelotas; and (3) Two clinics in Vitoria (State of Espirito Santo): (1) Reference Center for Sexually Transmitted Diseases (http://www.vitoria.es.gov.br/cidadao/centro-de-referencia-em-infeccoes-sexualmente-transmiss iveis). (2) Hospital Universitário Cassiano Antonio Moraes - UFES.

Patients identified during standard of care testing with a positive rapid syphilis test and an RPR titer of greater than or equal to 1:8 will be referred to the study and offered enrollment according to the following description.

Non-study clinic-site staff will perform the first screening rapid finger-stick test for syphilis. The rapid syphilis test currently used in these clinics detects both new (acute) infection and old treated infection but does not distinguish between the two. Patients that are positive for the syphilis rapid finger-stick test will be notified by non-study staff of this result and the need for additional testing using the RPR test according to standard of care. Blood will be collected for the confirmatory RPR test by non-study staff. These patients will be notified of RPR results in approximately 3 days to 1 week. The results a confirmed syphilis diagnosis and of the RPR test results for those patients that are eligible for enrolment in the study (RPR >1:8) will be provided by a study nurse. The study will be explained to eligible participants (RPR titer of >1:8) by this study nurse, and if women express interest in participating, informed consent will be obtained. It is expected that an enrolment visit could last approximately 1.5 hours.

Patients that are not eligible for the study (negative RPR or RPR with titer <1:8) will receive syphilis RPR results from non-study staff.

Pregnancy tests will be completed on all potential participants and those that test positive will not be enrolled in the study.

The timing of the recruitment process will depend on the number of women diagnosed with syphilis and who have an RPR titer >1:8 and who consent to participate in the study. It is anticipated that enrollment will take approximately 1 year to complete.

To benchmark the performance of benzathine penicillin in the study population being used for cefixime, The investigators will include a contemporary arm of participants that will receive standard of care treatment with benzathine penicillin according to the Brazil national sexually transmitted infection (STI) treatment guidelines. The investigators will use a ratio of 2 patients receiving cefixime to 1 patient receiving benzathine penicillin.

This non-comparator arm of benzathine penicillin will be included to account for study population differences in terms of stage of disease, history of prior infection, experience of re-infection, experience of serofast state, or other co-factors that could impact serological response. An estimate of performance of this standard of care will be calculated, but this will not be compared directly to the study intervention.

The investigators will enrol 180 eligible women into the study: 120 for the cefixime arm and 60 for the benzathine penicillin arm. It is anticipated that enrollment will take approximately 1 year to complete. Patients will be participating in the study for approximately 9 months. The study is expected to last for approximately two years. Women that are referred to the study but decline enrolment will be treated at the clinic following national STI treatment guidelines for syphilis.

Recruitment information / eligibility

• Status: Recruiting
• Enrollment: 180
• Est. completion date: September 30, 2021
• Est. primary completion date: March 30, 2021
• Accepts healthy volunteers: No
• Gender: Female
• Age group: 18 Years and older

Eligibility

Inclusion Criteria:

1. Female, 18 years of age or older

2. Non-pregnant

3. Able to provide informed consent

4. Test positive for syphilis with a positive TPPA AND an RPR titer equal to or greater than 1:8

5. Non-cephalosporin allergic

6. Non-penicillin allergic

7. Agree to be called once a day by study staff to be reminded to take study drug

8. Able to swallow pills

9. Willing to attend follow-up visits at 3, 6, and 9 months after completion of the study treatment

10. Willing to take oral contraceptive or use condom to prevent pregnancy during the study period

11. HIV negative

Exclusion Criteria:

1) Female under 18 years of age 2) HIV positive 3) Pregnancy test positive or clinical pregnancy 4) Prior history of syphilis or syphilis treatment within 6 months of study screening 5) Allergy to penicillin or cephalosporins (including allergy to cefixime) 6) In the judgment of the interviewer, has a medical condition or other factor that might affect their ability to follow the protocol 7) Previous enrollment in the study 8) Presenting a condition that would not allow reliable informed consent (alcohol abuse or substance misuse) 9) Lacking mental capacity to give informed consent to participation

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Related Conditions & MeSH terms

• Syphilis
• Syphilis Female

Intervention

Drug:
• Cefixime
Cefixime 400mg taken orally two times a day for 10 consecutive days in non-pregnant women with early syphilis infection
• Benzathine penicillin 2.4 million units
Benzathine penicillin 2.4 million units: The investigators will include a contemporary arm of participants that will receive standard of care treatment with Benzathine penicillin 2.4 million units according to the Brazil national STI treatment guidelines. The investigators will use a ratio of 2 patients receiving cefixime to 1 patient receiving benzathine penicillin.This non-comparator arm of benzathine penicillin will be included to account for study population differences in terms of stage of disease, history of prior infection, experience of re-infection, experience of serofast state, or other co-factors that could impact serological response

Locations

Country	Name	City	State
Brazil	Fortaleza University	Fortaleza	Ceara

Sponsors (1)

Lead Sponsor	Collaborator
World Health Organization

Country where clinical trial is conducted

Brazil, 

References & Publications (12)

Barbee LA, Nayak SU, Blumer JL, O'Riordan MA, Gray W, Zenilman JM, Golden MR, Griffiss JM. A Phase 1 Pharmacokinetic and Safety Study of Extended-Duration, High-dose Cefixime for Cephalosporin-resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae in the Pharynx. Sex Transm Dis. 2018 Oct;45(10):677-683. doi: 10.1097/OLQ.0000000000000844. — View Citation

Cao Y, Su X, Wang Q, Xue H, Zhu X, Zhang C, Jiang J, Qi S, Gong X, Zhu X, Pan M, Ren H, Hu W, Wei Z, Tian M, Liu W. A Multicenter Study Evaluating Ceftriaxone and Benzathine Penicillin G as Treatment Agents for Early Syphilis in Jiangsu, China. Clin Infect Dis. 2017 Oct 30;65(10):1683-1688. doi: 10.1093/cid/cix611. — View Citation

Faulkner RD, Bohaychuk W, Haynes JD, Desjardins RE, Yacobi A, Silber BM. The pharmacokinetics of cefixime in the fasted and fed state. Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 1988;34(5):525-8. — View Citation

Faulkner RD, Fernandez P, Lawrence G, Sia LL, Falkowski AJ, Weiss AI, Yacobi A, Silber BM. Absolute bioavailability of cefixime in man. J Clin Pharmacol. 1988 Aug;28(8):700-6. — View Citation

Hook EW 3rd, Behets F, Van Damme K, Ravelomanana N, Leone P, Sena AC, Martin D, Langley C, McNeil L, Wolff M. A phase III equivalence trial of azithromycin versus benzathine penicillin for treatment of early syphilis. J Infect Dis. 2010 Jun 1;201(11):1729-35. doi: 10.1086/652239. — View Citation

Liang Z, Chen YP, Yang CS, Guo W, Jiang XX, Xu XF, Feng SX, Liu YQ, Jiang G. Meta-analysis of ceftriaxone compared with penicillin for the treatment of syphilis. Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2016 Jan;47(1):6-11. doi: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2015.10.020. Epub 2015 Nov 23. Review. — View Citation

Norris SJ, Cox DL, Weinstock GM. Biology of Treponema pallidum: correlation of functional activities with genome sequence data. J Mol Microbiol Biotechnol. 2001 Jan;3(1):37-62. Review. — View Citation

Nurse-Findlay S, Taylor MM, Savage M, Mello MB, Saliyou S, Lavayen M, Seghers F, Campbell ML, Birgirimana F, Ouedraogo L, Newman Owiredu M, Kidula N, Pyne-Mercier L. Shortages of benzathine penicillin for prevention of mother-to-child transmission of syphilis: An evaluation from multi-country surveys and stakeholder interviews. PLoS Med. 2017 Dec 27;14(12):e1002473. doi: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1002473. eCollection 2017 Dec. — View Citation

Rafal'skii VV, Dovgan' EV, Kozyrev IuV, Gustovarova TA, Khlybova SV, Novoselova AV, Filippenko NG, Likhikh DG. [The efficacy and safety of cefixime and amoxicillin/clavulanate in the treatment of asymptomatic bacteriuria in pregnant women: a randomized, prospective, multicenter study]. Urologiia. 2013 Sep-Oct;(5):24, 26-8. Russian. — View Citation

U.S.DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES. National Institutes of Health National Cancer Institute. Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) Version 4.0 . https://evs.nci.nih.gov/ftp1/CTCAE/CTCAE_4.03/Archive/CTCAE_4.0_2009-05-29_QuickReference_8.5x11.pdf

WHO. WHO guidelines for the treatment of Treponema pallidum (syphilis). http://wwwwhoint/reproductivehealth/publications/rtis/syphilis-treatment-guidelines/en/. 2016.

Workowski KA, Bolan GA; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Sexually transmitted diseases treatment guidelines, 2015. MMWR Recomm Rep. 2015 Jun 5;64(RR-03):1-137. Erratum in: MMWR Recomm Rep. 2015 Aug 28;64(33):924. — View Citation

* Note: There are 12 references in all — Click here to view all references

Outcome

Type	Measure	Description	Time frame	Safety issue
Primary	Quantitative RPR titer change	RPR titer response at 6 months	6 months following last dose of Cefixime 400 mg
Secondary	Number of participants with treatment-related adverse events as assessed by CTCAE with cefixime	Number of participants with treatment-related adverse events as assessed by CTCAE. Information on side effects will be collected daily for 10 days of administration of cefixime using a pre-established list of most commonly reported side effects and a grade scale will be applied using the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events.	Daily after the first dose of cefixime 400mg orally through 10 days after the first dose
Secondary	The number of participants reporting tolerability of cefixime	Tolerability: The number of participants reporting tolerability of cefixime as measured by quantitative reported experience of common side effects and qualitative experience of tolerance of the regimen as collected through daily questionnaires and an end treatment questionnaire at 14 days after the first dose of cefixime.	Daily after the first dose of cefixime 400mg orally through 10 days after the first dose and qualitative overall assessment of tolerability measured via questionnaire 14 days after the first dose of cefixime