Delirium Clinical Trial
Official title:
Impact of Dexmedetomidine on Long-term Outcome in Elderly Patients After Noncardiac Surgery: 3-year Follow-up of a Randomized Controlled Trial
Delirium is a frequent postoperative complication. Its occurrence is associated with worse long-term outcomes. In a previous randomized controlled trial, prophylactic low-dose dexmedetomidine infusion during the early postoperative period decreased the incidence of delirium in elderly patients after surgery. The purpose of this 3-year follow-up study is to evaluate whether prophylactic low-dose dexmedetomidine infusion can improve the 3-year outcome in elderly patients recruited in the previous randomized controlled trial.
Delirium is a frequent postoperative complication; a systematic review revealed that
postoperative delirium occurs in 36.8% of surgical patients, and its prevalence increases
with age. The occurrence of delirium is associated with worse long-term outcomes including
worse functional recovery, decline in cognitive function, and increased mortality rate.
Surgical stress, pain, and sleep disturbances are important factors leading to postoperative
delirium in the elderly.
Dexmedetomidine is a highly selective alpha-2 adrenoreceptor agonist that provides
anti-anxiety, sedation, and modest analgesia with minimal respiratory depression. For
mechanically ventilated intensive care unit (ICU) patients, dexmedetomidine sedation
improves the quality of sleep, decreases the incidence of delirium, and shortens the
duration of ICU stay. For patients undergoing surgery, perioperative dexmedetomidine
relieves the severity of stress response, decreases the requirement of anesthetics, and
improves postoperative analgesia.
In the previous stage of the current study, 700 elderly patients who were admitted to the
ICU after noncardiac surgery were recruited and randomized into two groups (dexmedetomidine
group and placebo [normal saline] group). The results showed that prophylactic low-dose
dexmedetomidine infusion during the early postoperative period ameliorated the subjective
sleep quality and decreased the incidence of delirium (22.6% [79/350] with placebo vs. 9.1%
[32/350] with dexmedetomidine; Odds Ratio 0.35, 95% Confidence Interval 0.22 to 0.54; p <
0.0001). The investigators hypothesize that low-dose dexmedetomidine infusion may also
improve long-term outcome in this patient population.
The purpose of this 3-year follow-up study is to evaluate whether prophylactic low-dose
dexmedetomidine infusion during the early postoperative period can improve the 3-year
outcome in elderly patients recruited in the previous randomized controlled trial.
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