Smoking Cessation Clinical Trial
Official title:
The Next Step in Smoking Prevention: the Reduction of Tobacco Retail Outlets, a Comprehensive Policy Evaluation
Verified date | June 2023 |
Source | Maastricht University Medical Center |
Contact | n/a |
Is FDA regulated | No |
Health authority | |
Study type | Observational |
Few countries have legislation to reduce the number and types of tobacco retail outlets. The Netherlands plans to ban tobacco sales in supermarkets in 2024. The overall aim of this proposed research is to evaluate the implementation of new legislation to reduce the number and types of tobacco outlets in the Netherlands, up until and including the ban on sales of tobacco in supermarkets. In a comprehensive policy evaluation, the investigators plan to examine (1) the impact of the policy on the number and types of tobacco outlets, (2) the impact on attitudes and behaviors of smoking adults and non-smoking youth, and (3) the influence of the tobacco industry on the policy process and the retail environment. In addition, the investigators plan to focus on differential effects in disadvantaged neighborhoods, where both smoking rates and tobacco outlet density are typically highest. The investigators bring together a unique combination of economic, psychological, and journalistic research methods. The investigators examine the impact of the new legislation on the amount and type of tobacco outlets and on the number of smokers by using routinely collected monitoring data. The investigators examine the impact of the legislation on smoking susceptibility of non-smoking youth and on impulse tobacco purchases by smoking adults with yearly quantitative surveys (two surveys before the policy implementation and two after) and with qualitative interviews and discussion sessions. The investigators examine whether these impacts differ for disadvantaged versus non-disadvantaged neighborhoods. The investigators examine what strategies the tobacco industry uses to influence the new legislation, policy processes, and the tobacco retail environment by performing a journalistic investigation, using for example documents obtained by Freedom of Information Act requests, (possibly) leaked documents from insider meetings, and interviews with insiders. Our research will provide a comprehensive evaluation of the effects of the implementation of the proposed legislative measures. Based on our results, the investigators will formulate recommendations for the Dutch Cancer Society, the Dutch government, and for other countries who consider reducing the number of tobacco outlets; highlight potential areas for further development and improvement within the legislative framework and provide recommendations on how to counter the lobby from the tobacco industry.
Status | Enrolling by invitation |
Enrollment | 1450 |
Est. completion date | May 2026 |
Est. primary completion date | December 2025 |
Accepts healthy volunteers | Accepts Healthy Volunteers |
Gender | All |
Age group | 12 Years and older |
Eligibility | Group non-smoking adolescents Inclusion Criteria: - Dutch-speaking - aged 12 to 17 years old at enrollment Exclusion Criteria: - they have smoked (part of) a cigarette at least once a month during the last six months - not providing informed consent to participate Smoking adults Inclusion Criteria: - Dutch-speaking - smoking at least monthly at enrollment - having smoked at least 100 cigarettes in their lifetime Exclusion Criteria: - not providing informed consent to participate |
Country | Name | City | State |
---|---|---|---|
Netherlands | Maastricht University | Maastricht |
Lead Sponsor | Collaborator |
---|---|
Maastricht University Medical Center | IVO Research Institute, SEO Amsterdam Economics, The Investigative Desk |
Netherlands,
Siahpush M, Shaikh RA, Hyland A, Smith D, Sikora Kessler A, Meza J, Wan N, Wakefield M. Point-of-Sale Cigarette Marketing, Urge to Buy Cigarettes, and Impulse Purchases of Cigarettes: Results From a Population-Based Survey. Nicotine Tob Res. 2016 May;18(5):1357-62. doi: 10.1093/ntr/ntv181. Epub 2015 Sep 16. — View Citation
Strong DR, Hartman SJ, Nodora J, Messer K, James L, White M, Portnoy DB, Choiniere CJ, Vullo GC, Pierce J. Predictive Validity of the Expanded Susceptibility to Smoke Index. Nicotine Tob Res. 2015 Jul;17(7):862-9. doi: 10.1093/ntr/ntu254. Epub 2014 Dec 6. — View Citation
Type | Measure | Description | Time frame | Safety issue |
---|---|---|---|---|
Primary | Impulse purchases of tobacco | This is measured amongst smoking adults with the question "When you are shopping in a store in your neighborhood for something other than cigarettes, how often do you decide to buy cigarettes?" (1=Often, 2=Rarely, 3=Sometimes, 4=Often, 5=Always) (Siahpush et al., 2016). | October 2022; October-November 2023, 2024, 2025 | |
Primary | Smoking susceptibility | This is measured amongst non-smoking adolescents with a three-item index, averaging responses to "Would you try smoking a cigarette if one of your best friends offered it to you?", "Do you think you would smoke in the next 6 months?", and "Are you curious about smoking?" (1=Definitely Not, 2=Probably Not, 3=Probably Yes, 4=Definitely Yes) (Strong et al., 2015). | October 2022; October-November 2023, 2024, 2025 | |
Primary | Number of smokers | The investigators use data at the individual level. The investigators propose to use existing data from the lifestyle monitor of CBS (15,000 observations annually) and the polling station survey among students (8,000 observations every four years). For each individual the investigators link the area where they live. | 2018-2025 | |
Secondary | Illegal (online) sales of tobacco | The investigators will ask our adult cohort if they have "bought cigarettes or tobacco during the past 6 months from people who sell cigarettes or tobacco independently, for example at the door or on the street" and the frequency of which they do so.
The investigators will also do observations on the Internet, for mapping the developments in (online) sales, possibly also via 'scraping'. This technique involves systematically gathering and arranging data from a large number of websites and provides insight into the development of the number of (online) sales sites, of product pricing, of changes in product availability and of the overall 'traffic' (visitor amount) of these websites, indicating (legal or illegal) shopping activities. |
October 2022; October-November 2023, 2024, 2025 | |
Secondary | Use and marketing of 'reduced risk' products | The investigators adopt a wide definition of 'reduced risk' products. The use of the products will be measured in our cohort and with investigative journalism methods. Marketing of the products will also be explored with investigative journalism methods. | October 2022; October-November 2023, 2024, 2025 | |
Secondary | Number and type of tobacco outlets | For the number and type of tobacco outlets the investigators rely on existing data from Locatus. Locatus is a company which collects information about retail locations on a daily basis by professional field service.
They can distinguish the following types of outlets: Supermarkets Mini supermarkets Petrol stations (staffed) Convenience stores: they sell tobacco and convenience articles like journals, lottery tickets, office supplies, greeting cards, telephone accessories and candies Specialist tobacco shops (with more than 70% of turnover from tobacco sales) Night shops. |
2018-2025 |
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