An Intervention to Reduce Second Hand Smoke Exposure Among Pediatric Emergency Patients

Smoking Cessation Clinical Trial

Official title:

An Intervention to Reduce Second Hand Smoke Exposure Among Pediatric Emergency Patients

Clinical Trial Details — Status: Completed

Administrative data

• NCT number: NCT02531594
• Other study ID #: CINC 2015-1914
• Secondary ID: 1R01HD083354R01E
• Status: Completed
• Phase: N/A
• Start date: April 6, 2016
• Est. completion date: December 31, 2022

Study information

• Verified date: September 2023
• Source: Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati
• Contact: n/a
• Is FDA regulated: No
• Study type: Interventional

Clinical Trial Summary

This study will test the efficacy of a cessation intervention for caregivers in a large, inner-city Pediatric Emergency Department. The investigators will randomize 750 caregivers who smoke who present to our Pediatric Emergency Department with their child who has a Second Hand Smoke exposure-related illness to either one of two conditions: 1) Screening, Brief Intervention, and Assisted Referral to Treatment (SBIRT); or 2) Healthy Habits Control (HHC). The Screening, Brief Intervention, and Assisted Referral to Treatment condition will include a brief form of the Clinical Practice Guideline: Treating Tobacco Use and Dependence, motivational interviewing, engaging and personalized materials on the effects of smoking and Second Hand Smoke exposure, immediate access to caregivers' choice of cessation resources (e.g., Quitline, smokefree.gov, or txt2quit), a 12-week supply of nicotine replacement therapy and weekly booster materials for 12 weeks. The Healthy Habits Control program will be used as an attention control in which caregivers will receive instruction on healthy lifestyle choices to improve the child's health.

Description:

This study will test the efficacy of a cessation intervention for caregivers in a large, inner-city Pediatric Emergency Department. The proposed Screening, Brief Intervention, and Assisted Referral to Treatment will highlight the effects of Second Hand Smoke exposure on the child's health. the investigators will randomize 750 caregivers who smoke who present to our Pediatric Emergency Department with their child who has a Second Hand Smoke exposure related illness to either one of two conditions: 1) Screening, Brief Intervention, and Assisted Referral to Treatment; or 2) Healthy Habits Control. The Screening, Brief Intervention, and Assisted Referral to Treatment condition will use components shown to be effective in the out-patient setting but not yet tested in the Pediatric Emergency Department setting. It will include a brief form of the Clinical Practice Guideline: Treating Tobacco Use and Dependence, motivational interviewing, engaging and personalized materials on the effects of smoking and Second Hand Smoke exposure, immediate access to caregivers' choice of cessation resources (e.g., Quitline, smokefree.gov, or txt2quit), a 12-week supply of nicotine replacement therapy and weekly booster materials for 12 weeks. The Healthy Habits Control program has been previously developed and used in the out-patient setting, and will be used as an attention control in which caregivers will receive instruction on healthy lifestyle choices to improve their child's health. Cessation assistance will be offered at the study's conclusion. If effective, the Screening, Brief Intervention, and Assisted Referral to Treatment model could be routinely used in the Pediatric Emergency Department setting, which could reach at least one million smokers a year, and could result in significant reductions in caregivers' tobacco use, Second Hand Smoke exposure related pediatric illness, and costs in this population. In addition, the investigators' results will inform the conduct of public health research efforts aimed at adults via the Pediatric Emergency Department.

Recruitment information / eligibility

• Status: Completed
• Enrollment: 770
• Est. completion date: December 31, 2022
• Est. primary completion date: December 31, 2020
• Accepts healthy volunteers: No
• Gender: All
• Age group: N/A and older

Eligibility

Inclusion Criteria:Eligible participants must:

1. be > age 18;

2. be accompanying a child 0-17 years of age who is presenting to the Pediatric Emergency

Department with:

• a stable condition, that is, patients who are not critically ill and do not require immediate treatment and intervention by the Pediatric Emergency Department practitioner and
• a potentially Second Hand Smoke exposure related chief complaint (such as wheezing, difficulty breathing, cough) as outlined by the U.S. Surgeon General;45

3. be a daily smoker;

4. have currently or recently smoked inside their home;

5. speak and read English, and

6. have a permanent address and a working cell or landline number.

7. Live within a 50 mile radius.

8. Child is a non-smoker. Exclusion Criteria: Caregivers will be excluded if

1. their child has a tracheostomy or

2. if the caregivers are tobacco chewers only,

3. if the caregivers are using pharmacologic cessation treatment,

4. or plan to move within the study period.

Related Conditions & MeSH terms

• Emergencies
• Smoking Cessation

Intervention

Behavioral:
• SBIRT
The Social Worker will provide caregivers with the brief (10-15 minute) "Advise, Assess, Assist" intervention based on the Clinical Practice Guidelines, and tailored on levels of motivation to quit and tobacco dependence. Patients in this group will receive Nicotine Replacement Therapy vouchers, immediate connection to cessation resources, and intervention materials.
• HHC
The Social Worker will provide caregivers with the brief (10-15 minute) "Lets Go! 5-2-1-0" intervention which is a child obesity prevention program. Patients in this group will receive motivational interviewing in regards to helping children and families eat healthy and be active. This group will receive water bottle vouchers, immediate connection to 5-2-1-0 resources, and intervention materials.

Locations

Country	Name	City	State
United States	Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center	Cincinnati	Ohio

Sponsors (3)

Lead Sponsor	Collaborator
Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati	Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS)

Country where clinical trial is conducted

United States, 

References & Publications (6)

Mahabee-Gittens EM, Ammerman RT, Khoury JC, Stone L, Meyers GT, Witry JK, Merianos AL, Mancuso TF, Stackpole KMW, Bennett BL, Akers L, Gordon JS. Healthy families: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial of a screening, brief intervention, and referral to treatment intervention for caregivers to reduce secondhand smoke exposure among pediatric emergency patients. BMC Public Health. 2017 May 2;17(1):374. doi: 10.1186/s12889-017-4278-8. — View Citation

Mahabee-Gittens EM, Ammerman RT, Khoury JC, Tabangin ME, Ding L, Merianos AL, Stone L, Gordon JS. A Parental Smoking Cessation Intervention in the Pediatric Emergency Setting: A Randomized Trial. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020 Nov 4;17(21):8151. do — View Citation

Mahabee-Gittens EM, Mazzella MJ, Doucette JT, Merianos AL, Stone L, Wullenweber CA, A Busgang S, Matt GE. Comparison of Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry and Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay Methods to Measure Salivary Cotinine Levels in Ill Childr — View Citation

Mahabee-Gittens EM, Merianos AL, Fulkerson PC, Stone L, Matt GE. The Association of Environmental Tobacco Smoke Exposure and Inflammatory Markers in Hospitalized Children. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2019 Nov 21;16(23):4625. doi: 10.3390/ijerph162346 — View Citation

Mahabee-Gittens EM, Merianos AL, Stone L, Tabangin ME, Khoury JC, Gordon JS. Tobacco Use Behaviors and Perceptions of Parental Smokers in the Emergency Department Setting. Tob Use Insights. 2019 Jun 19;12:1179173X19841392. doi: 10.1177/1179173X19841392. e — View Citation

Mahabee-Gittens EM, Merianos AL, Tabangin ME, Stone L, Gordon JS, Khoury JC. Provision of free nicotine replacement therapy to parental smokers in the pediatric emergency setting. Tob Prev Cessat. 2020 May 18;6:30. doi: 10.18332/tpc/119125. eCollection 20 — View Citation

Outcome

Type	Measure	Description	Time frame	Safety issue
Primary	Percentage of Participants With Self-reported Prolonged Abstinence at 6 Weeks	Primary outcomes are self-reported prolonged abstinence at 6-weeks post-enrollment, validated in all participants via salivary cotinine levels.	6 weeks post enrollment
Primary	Percentage of Participants With Self-reported Prolonged Abstinence at 6 Months	Primary outcomes are self-reported prolonged abstinence at 6 months post-enrollment, validated in all participants via salivary cotinine levels.	6months post enrollment
Secondary	Change From Baseline in the Number of Cigarettes Smoked Per Day at 6 Weeks	Secondary outcomes include number of cigarettes smoked at 6 weeks post enrollment. This number is reporting a change in the number of cigarettes smoked between baseline and six weeks.	baseline and 6 weeks post enrollment
Secondary	Change From Baseline in the Number of Cigarettes Smoked Per Day at 6 Months	Secondary outcomes include number of cigarettes smoked at 6 months post enrollment as compared with baseline.	baseline and 6 months post enrollment
Secondary	Number of Quit Attempts at 6 Weeks	Secondary outcomes include number of quit attempts at 6 weeks post enrollment.	6 weeks post enrollment
Secondary	Number of Quit Attempts at 6 Months	Secondary outcomes include number of quit attempts at 6 months post enrollment.	6 months post enrollment
Secondary	Readiness to Quit at 6 Weeks	Secondary outcomes include readiness to quit at 6 weeks post enrollment as measured by a readiness to quit scale.; Scale name: The Contemplation Ladder Reference: Biener L., Abrams D.B. The Contemplation Ladder: Validation of a measure of readiness to consider smoking cessation. Health Psychol. 1991;10:360-365. doi: 10.1037/0278-6133.10.5.360.; What scale measures: the smoker's motivation to quit smoking. The Contemplation Ladder is a validated score that correlates with the likelihood of making a quit attempt and participation in activities associated with quit attempts.; The Contemplation Ladder is a 1-item, 11-point scale of motivation to quit. The question asks: "Mark the number that shows how you feel about quitting.; Minimum score: 0 = no thought of quitting Maximum score: 10= taking action to quit Lower scores indicate worse outcomes. Higher scores indicate better outcomes. There are no subscales and one score is chosen by the smoker.	6 weeks post enrollment
Secondary	Readiness to Quit at 6 Months	Secondary outcomes include readiness to quit at 6 months post enrollment as measured by a readiness to quit scale.; Scale name: The Contemplation Ladder Reference: Biener L., Abrams D.B. The Contemplation Ladder: Validation of a measure of readiness to consider smoking cessation. Health Psychol. 1991;10:360-365. doi: 10.1037/0278-6133.10.5.360.; What scale measures: the smoker's motivation to quit smoking. The Contemplation Ladder is a validated score that correlates with the likelihood of making a quit attempt and participation in activities associated with quit attempts.; The Contemplation Ladder is a 1-item, 11-point scale of motivation to quit. The question asks: "Mark the number that shows how you feel about quitting.; Minimum score: 0 = no thought of quitting Maximum score: 10= taking action to quit Lower scores indicate worse outcomes. Higher scores indicate better outcomes. There are no subscales and one score is chosen by the smoker.	6 months post enrollment
Secondary	Use of Cessation Resources at 6 Weeks	Secondary outcomes include use of cessation resources at 6 weeks post enrollment.	6 weeks post enrollment
Secondary	Use of Cessation Resources at 6 Months	Secondary outcomes include use of cessation resources at 6 months post enrollment.	6 months post enrollment