View clinical trials related to Smoking Behavior.
Filter by:Rationale: The World Health Organization Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (WHO FCTC) aims for a regulatory strategy including the regulation of the contents of tobacco products (Article 9). Cigarette smoke includes more than 7000 chemicals which are harmful and cause tobacco-related diseases. In the future, regulation of these harmful cigarette constituents should be based on more chemical classes, as the WHO suggested. However, in order to introduce such class-based regulation, a scientific base is needed to define upper limits of allowed amounts of chemicals (groups) in cigarette smoke emissions and to ensure decreased harmful health effects due to cigarette smoking. To date, the causality between human exposure to specific cigarette smoke compounds and the harmful effects is unknown. The first step in closing the gap in knowledge between cigarette smoke exposure and developing tobacco-related diseases includes a proper determination of human exposure to cigarette smoke chemicals. This includes measuring smoking topography and inhalation. Smoking topography is how the smoker smokes the cigarette (puff volume, duration, flow etc). The goal is to link smoking behavior to smoke exposure, for 2 different cigarette brands. The participants will smoke their 'normal' brand Marlboro (experimental day 1) after which they receive the low TNCO (tar, nicotine and carbon monoxide) Marlboro Prime to smoke at home. A week later the experimental day (day 2) is repeated with this cigarette. On the last experimental day (day 3), the participants will smoke the Prime cigarette while the ventilation holes of this low-TNCO cigarette are taped. Afterwards, the personal smoking profiles of the participants, and thus their individual exposures, will be mimicked in the lab using machine smoking. The observed smoking topography and inhalation parameters together give information about the exposure to smoke toxicants. In addition, this study is also designed to measure biomarkers of exposure in body fluids of smokers, such as nicotine and the most abundant cigarette smoke chemicals and their metabolites. Objective: We want to find out whether the individual habitudinal smoking topography of a smoker smoking his usual brand, and the changes between cigarettes over the day, can be compared to that of smoking a low-TNCO or high nicotine cigarette (i.e. the Marlboro Prime and Red Sun). In addition, differences in inhalation patterns are investigated. Next to that, the exposure will be connected to the nicotine and carbon monoxide levels in blood and/or urine. Also smoke toxicants (and metabolites) in exhaled air, saliva, urine and blood of smokers are determined. Study design: This prospective observational study monitors smokers in their habitudinal smoking during the day (for 10 hr) while smoking Marlboro, Marlboro Prime and Marlboro Prime taped cigarette, while during the day bodily fluids are sampled at several time points. Study population: This population consists of 18 Caucasian, healthy, adult males, aged between 25-34 years old. Participants should be used to smoke Marlboro (red/regular) for at least 3 years with a daily average of 13 to 25 cigarettes (about a package every day). Nature and extent of the burden and risks associated with participation, benefit and group relatedness: The participating smokers smoke according to their habitudinal smoking pattern, and are therefore not increasingly exposed to the harmful health effects of cigarette smoking. The invasive part of the study is their stay for 3 days (and 1 night when wanted) in a hotel, and the sampling of blood, saliva, urine and exhaled air.
People with schizophrenia have two- to three-times the mortality risk of the general population. This is primarily due to their unusually high rates of cigarette smoking, as well as other cardiovascular risk factors such as physical inactivity, obesity, high blood cholesterol and diabetes. Effective smoking treatments are needed to reduce morbidity and mortality in this population. Over a dozen experimental studies indicate that walking and other forms of exercise acutely reduce cigarette craving, nicotine withdrawal symptoms and smoking behavior in non-psychiatric smokers. However, the effects of acute exercise on smoking measures have not been studied in smokers with schizophrenia. This study will use a within-subjects, repeated-measures design, in which participants will undergo 4 laboratory sessions (order counterbalanced across participants): (1) smoking cues followed by exercise, (2) smoking cues followed by passive activity, (3) neutral cues followed by exercise, (4) neutral cues followed by passive activity. Outcome measures include cigarette craving, nicotine withdrawal symptoms, mood and smoking behavior. If the results of this study indicate that walking acutely reduces craving and smoking in smokers with schizophrenia, the next step in this research would be to test the effectiveness of a smoking cessation intervention that incorporates exercise bouts as a behavioral strategy for improving smoking cessation rates in this population.
The purpose of this study is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of NicVAX co-administered with varenicline as an aid in smoking cessation over a one-year period in smokers who want to quit smoking.
The purpose of this study is to understand the smoking behavior of female incarcerated smokers and to determine how smokers differ from non-smokers on measures of substance abuse, personality, criminal history, and mental illness