View clinical trials related to Smoker Lung.
Filter by:This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of aerobic exercise combined with diaphragmatic breathing exercise on pulmonary function and smoking cessation among smokers.
Elastosonography is an advanced ultrasound technique, nowadays available in many portable systems, allowing to measure elasticity and stiffness of parenchymatous organs. Its main current applications concern the advanced diagnostics of liver, thyroid and breast nodules. Few studies have applied elastosonography to the respiratory system, and to date no-one has evaluated the elasticity of lung parenchyma in COPD and only one in pulmonary fibrosis. The primary aim of this study is to compare the elasticity features of lung parenchyma, measured by bedside ultrasound integrated with ultrasonography, among three groups of subjects: 1. patients with COPD and/or lung fibrosis; 2. smokers with no functional evidence of COPD or fibrosis; 3. healthy non-smoking volunteers. The secondary aim is to verify the possible correlation of elastosonography-related parameters of lung elasticity/stiffness with results of lung function tests. One hundred and thirty-eight subjects (46 per group) will be enrolled in this experimental study, on both inpatient and outpatient basis. The presence or absence of COPD or fibrosis will be assessed integrating personal history, imaging tests and functional tests prior to enrolment. Smoking habits will also be carefully investigated. Excluded from the study will be all subjects with acute COPD flares, acute respiratory failure, inability to undergo lung ultrasound examination and lung function tests, cognitive impairment, severe motoric disability, cancer, poor survival prognosis. Each participant will undergo standard lung function tests and bediside ultrasound examination integrated with lung elastosonography during the same day. Lung function tests will be performed with a Carefusion MSC Body spirometer following standard procedures. Lung ultrasound will be performed by a skilled physician, using the convex probe of an Esaote Mylab Seven ultrasound system (Esaote, Genova, Italy), equipped with strain elastography module ElaXto©. The participant will remain in the sitting position for the whole ultrasound/elastography procedure, with the examiner systematically scanning intercostal spaces on both sides of the back thorax. After performing a standard lung ultrasound scan to verify the absence of consolidations or signs of respiratory diseases other than COPD, the examiner will activate the elastography module, performing little compressions with the wrist on the convex probe, to obtain adequate elastography images combining ranges of red, green and blue colors. Images will then be analyzed with the software ElaXto©, to obtain the percentage of stiffness in areas of interest of lung parenchyma. Statistical analyses will be focused on comparison of stiffness index across different groups, and on correlation of elastosonographic parameters with lung function tests (FEV1, Tiffeneau index).
Supplementation with vitamin D improves HIV+ macrophages phagocytosis in vitro. There is evidence to suggest that administering vitamin D can in fact improve immune function in individuals. The study will evaluate the impact of high dose vitamin D in HIV+ smokers' and HIV- smokers' in vivo. The primary goal is to improve innate immune host response to infection in patients already at high risk by virtue of HIV and smoking status.