Muscle Weakness Clinical Trial
Official title:
The Effects of Resistance Training Intensity on Muscular Hypertrophy and Strength in Young, Resistance Trained Men
When practicing weightlifting regularly the body makes new proteins within the muscle.
These new proteins can increase the size of the cells within the muscle to make them larger,
a process called hypertrophy. The common convention surrounding gains in skeletal muscle size
and strength is that heavy weights are needed. In contrast, lifting lighter weights are
thought to be required to induce muscular endurance and not to promote growth. However, it
has previously been shown in untrained men that lifting lighter weights results in similar
gains in muscle mass and strength as lifting heavier weights. The purpose of this study is to
examine how performing resistance training of different intensities (light or heavy weights)
affects the degree of muscle growth and strength gain in individuals who are already
resistance training.
This information will be valuable when designing exercise protocols for increasing muscle
size and strength at all ages, or in individuals returning from injury, as a way to stimulate
muscle growth and promote strength gains without the need to lift heavy weights.
Patients will visit the laboratory of Dr. Stuart Phillips at the Ivor Wynne Centre (IWC) at
McMaster University for 14 weeks for a number of tests and exercise sessions.
Each visit will be as follows:
Visit 1:
Upon obtaining consent, eligible participants will complete a medical screening questionnaire
to determine their readiness to perform exercise as well as a filling out a form to determine
subject characteristics. Participants will begin collecting data for their first 3-day diet
record. They will record their diet (2 weekdays and a weekend day) again at 6 weeks
(mid-protocol) and at 12 weeks of the study.
Visit 2:
Participants will report the lab between 08.00 and 10.00 h to undergo body composition scans
including BodPod (to assess fat mass), bioelectrical impedance (BIA - to assess your total
body water content), and Dual-energy x-ray- Absorptiometry (DXA- to determine bone mineral
content). All tests will be performed in the post-absorptive state (12 hours). Participants
will also have a familiarization with the lab and exercise equipment to determine preliminary
resistance training (RT) loads.
Visit 4:
Participants will report to the lab to determine their one-repetition-maximum on the leg
press, leg extension, bench press and shoulder press. This will be done by having
participants attempt a weight based on their familiarization session; if they can complete
this weight though a full range of motion with good form, they will rest 3-5 min and then
attempt a higher weight until their 1RM is reached.
Visit 5:
Participants will report to the lab in the post-absorptive state (12 hours) for a resting
muscle biopsy from the muscle on the outside of their thigh.
Visits 6: Participants will be randomly assigned to one of two exercise intensity treatment
groups: ~30% of 1RM (which equates to ~20-25 repetitions per set) for 3 sets to failure (25
subjects) or 80% of 1RM for 3 sets to failure (another 25 subjects). All sets will have 60
seconds of rest in between. On two occasions (one at the beginning of the study another at
the end), participants will return to the lab in the post-absorptive state and a catheter
(plastic tube with a small needle) will be inserted into a vein in your arm. A resting blood
sample will be taken. Upon completion of their first exercise session, subsequent blood
samples will be taken at 15 minutes, 30 minutes 60 minutes to determines an acute time course
of the changes in blood metabolites and hormones.
Visit 7-54:
Participants will attend supervised exercise sessions 4 times per week (Monday, Tuesday,
Thursday and Friday) alternating lower body and upper body focused sessions for 12 weeks.
Participants in the 30% (LOW) group will perform approximately 20-25 repetitions per set
while participants in the 80% (HIGH) group will perform approximately 8-12 repetitions per
set. Immediately following each resistance training session as well as prior to sleep,
participants will consume 30g of whey protein. 1RM testing will be repeated every three weeks
throughout the protocol and will be conducted prior to beginning the last of every 12
training sessions. Prior to completing their final training session (session number 48)
participants will again arrive to the lab in the post-absorptive state for blood sampling
procedure as described previously.
Visit 55:
Participants will arrive in the post absorptive (fasted) state 48 hours following their last
training session. They will undergo a final BodPod, DEXA and BIA scan to determine body
composition as well as a final resting biopsy of the vastus lateralis muscle.
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