Incidence of The Bowel, Bladder, and Sexual Dysfunction Following Surgery for Colorectal Malignancy

Sexual Dysfunction Clinical Trial

Official title:

Incidence of The Bowel, Bladder, and Sexual Dysfunction Following Surgery for Colorectal Malignancy

Clinical Trial Details — Status: Completed

Administrative data

• NCT number: NCT04134104
• Other study ID #: 1145
• Status: Completed
• Start date: December 2014
• Est. completion date: December 2017

Study information

• Verified date: November 2023
• Source: National Academy of Medical Sciences, Nepal
• Contact: n/a
• Is FDA regulated: No
• Study type: Observational [Patient Registry]

Clinical Trial Summary

Colorectal cancer is the second most common cancer by the site in Europe and the third most common cancer in the USA with high morbidity and mortality. Survival after the treatment has improved over the past few decades as a result of early diagnosis, radiotherapy, and advances in surgical techniques such as abdominoperineal resection (APR), low anterior resection (LAR) and total mesorectal excision (TME). These innovative surgeries are the current standard treatment for the mid and the low rectal cancers which avoids the permanent colostomy. It is very difficult to find out the incidence of the bowel, bladder and sexual dysfunction of patients either because they are embarrassed or because they do not relate their symptoms to rectal cancer treatment. This article reports the incidence of the bowel, bladder and sexual dysfunction following surgery for rectal cancer from the National Academy of Medical Sciences, Bir Hospital, a tertiary level hospital.

Description:

It was a cross-sectional study at Bir Hospital and the duration of the study was from December 2014 to December 2017. Here, all the patients who underwent LAR and APR following neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy were included. And, all the patients with recurrence after surgery, lost to follow up, benign disease, who did not undergo neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy, and who underwent trans-anal excision were excluded from the study. In our study, the independent variable will be the type of surgery done for colorectal malignant disease. And the dependent variables will be the postoperative complications in the form of immediate and delayed complications. Immediate could be infectious or non-infectious complications and delayed (long term) complications could be bowel, bladder, and sexual dysfunction respectively.

Data collection was done using structured Performa that included all the demographic parameters, examination findings which included the data regarding neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy and type of surgery (LAR and APR) were included. The laboratory parameters were also included. All the operative and post-operative details were included regarding bowel, bladder, and sexual dysfunction. And validated tools were used to calculate and analyze data.

LARS Score Questionnaire: The aim of this questionnaire was to assess the bowel function using a validated questionnaire.6 The LARS consists of five questions and can be used to generate an overall score that translates into no LARS (score 0-20), minor LARS (21-29), and major LARS (30-42) respectively.

IPSS Questionnaire: Assessment of bladder dysfunction was assessed by the validated questionnaire of International Prostatic Symptoms Score (IPSS) for bladder dysfunction.8 For the evaluation of preoperative and postoperative bladder function, a urologic history and residual urine volume measurements by ultrasound were done.

Sexual Function Evaluation: In the early period after surgery sexual function was measured using the validated questionnaire - the International Index of Female Sexual Function (IFSF) for females and the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF) for males. These tools helped to assess the impact of a specific treatment modality by evaluating different sexual function domains. Our study group was small, so we did not classify the groups into mild, moderate, and severe dysfunction groups. We did the overall long term assessment of the patients who came for the follow-up. These specific questionnaires were asked and the assessment was done for the overall dysfunctions.

Ethics: The study was approved by the institutional ethical committee- "IRB of NAMS, Bir Hospital" and written consent was obtained from all of the patients.

Statistics: All the data were entered in SPSS version 16 and then statistical analysis was done. Type of surgery, the status of neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy, and the postoperative outcomes were studied respectively. Correlation and logistic regression statistic tools were used. A comprehensive literature search published in English was done until 2019 using Hinari, PubMed, and Cochrane Library.

Recruitment information / eligibility

• Status: Completed
• Enrollment: 38
• Est. completion date: December 2017
• Est. primary completion date: December 2017
• Accepts healthy volunteers: No
• Gender: All
• Age group: 18 Years to 75 Years

Eligibility

Inclusion Criteria:

1) All the patients who underwent LAR and APR following neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy.

Exclusion Criteria:

1. All the patients with recurrence after surgery,

2. Lost to follow up,

3. Benign disease,

4. Patients who did not undergo neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy, and

5. Patients who underwent trans-anal excision.

Related Conditions & MeSH terms

• Bladder Dysfunction
• Bowel Dysfunction
• Colorectal Surgery
• Intestinal Diseases
• Sexual Dysfunction

Intervention

Procedure:
• Surgery for Colorectal malignant diseases either LAR or APR
Patients following LAR or APR were observed for the Bowel, Bladder, and Sexual Dysfunction

Locations

Country	Name	City	State
n/a

Sponsors (1)

Lead Sponsor	Collaborator
National Academy of Medical Sciences, Nepal

References & Publications (18)

Adam JP, Denost Q, Capdepont M, van Geluwe B, Rullier E. Prospective and Longitudinal Study of Urogenital Dysfunction After Proctectomy for Rectal Cancer. Dis Colon Rectum. 2016 Sep;59(9):822-30. doi: 10.1097/DCR.0000000000000652. — View Citation

Bregendahl S, Emmertsen KJ, Lous J, Laurberg S. Bowel dysfunction after low anterior resection with and without neoadjuvant therapy for rectal cancer: a population-based cross-sectional study. Colorectal Dis. 2013 Sep;15(9):1130-9. doi: 10.1111/codi.12244. — View Citation

Bruheim K, Guren MG, Dahl AA, Skovlund E, Balteskard L, Carlsen E, Fossa SD, Tveit KM. Sexual function in males after radiotherapy for rectal cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2010 Mar 15;76(4):1012-7. doi: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2009.03.075. Epub 2009 Oct 31. — View Citation

Doeksen A, Gooszen JA, van Duijvendijk P, Tanis PJ, Bakx R, Slors JF, van Lanschot JJ. Sexual and urinary functioning after rectal surgery: a prospective comparative study with a median follow-up of 8.5 years. Int J Colorectal Dis. 2011 Dec;26(12):1549-57. doi: 10.1007/s00384-011-1288-3. Epub 2011 Sep 16. — View Citation

Hawkins AT, Albutt K, Wise PE, Alavi K, Sudan R, Kaiser AM, Bordeianou L; Continuing Education Committee of the SSAT. Abdominoperineal Resection for Rectal Cancer in the Twenty-First Century: Indications, Techniques, and Outcomes. J Gastrointest Surg. 2018 Aug;22(8):1477-1487. doi: 10.1007/s11605-018-3750-9. Epub 2018 Apr 16. — View Citation

Heald RJ, Ryall RD. Recurrence and survival after total mesorectal excision for rectal cancer. Lancet. 1986 Jun 28;1(8496):1479-82. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(86)91510-2. — View Citation

Hendren SK, O'Connor BI, Liu M, Asano T, Cohen Z, Swallow CJ, Macrae HM, Gryfe R, McLeod RS. Prevalence of male and female sexual dysfunction is high following surgery for rectal cancer. Ann Surg. 2005 Aug;242(2):212-23. doi: 10.1097/01.sla.0000171299.43954.ce. — View Citation

Junginger T, Kneist W, Heintz A. Influence of identification and preservation of pelvic autonomic nerves in rectal cancer surgery on bladder dysfunction after total mesorectal excision. Dis Colon Rectum. 2003 May;46(5):621-8. doi: 10.1007/s10350-004-6621-2. — View Citation

Juul T, Ahlberg M, Biondo S, Emmertsen KJ, Espin E, Jimenez LM, Matzel KE, Palmer G, Sauermann A, Trenti L, Zhang W, Laurberg S, Christensen P. International validation of the low anterior resection syndrome score. Ann Surg. 2014 Apr;259(4):728-34. doi: 10.1097/SLA.0b013e31828fac0b. — View Citation

Juul T, Ahlberg M, Biondo S, Espin E, Jimenez LM, Matzel KE, Palmer GJ, Sauermann A, Trenti L, Zhang W, Laurberg S, Christensen P. Low anterior resection syndrome and quality of life: an international multicenter study. Dis Colon Rectum. 2014 May;57(5):585-91. doi: 10.1097/DCR.0000000000000116. — View Citation

Keane C, Wells C, O'Grady G, Bissett IP. Defining low anterior resection syndrome: a systematic review of the literature. Colorectal Dis. 2017 Aug;19(8):713-722. doi: 10.1111/codi.13767. — View Citation

Kupsch J, Jackisch T, Matzel KE, Zimmer J, Schreiber A, Sims A, Witzigmann H, Stelzner S. Outcome of bowel function following anterior resection for rectal cancer-an analysis using the low anterior resection syndrome (LARS) score. Int J Colorectal Dis. 2018 Jun;33(6):787-798. doi: 10.1007/s00384-018-3006-x. Epub 2018 Mar 15. — View Citation

Lange MM, Maas CP, Marijnen CA, Wiggers T, Rutten HJ, Kranenbarg EK, van de Velde CJ; Cooperative Clinical Investigators of the Dutch Total Mesorectal Excision Trial. Urinary dysfunction after rectal cancer treatment is mainly caused by surgery. Br J Surg. 2008 Aug;95(8):1020-8. doi: 10.1002/bjs.6126. — View Citation

Rosen R, Brown C, Heiman J, Leiblum S, Meston C, Shabsigh R, Ferguson D, D'Agostino R Jr. The Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI): a multidimensional self-report instrument for the assessment of female sexual function. J Sex Marital Ther. 2000 Apr-Jun;26(2):191-208. doi: 10.1080/009262300278597. — View Citation

Rosen RC, Riley A, Wagner G, Osterloh IH, Kirkpatrick J, Mishra A. The international index of erectile function (IIEF): a multidimensional scale for assessment of erectile dysfunction. Urology. 1997 Jun;49(6):822-30. doi: 10.1016/s0090-4295(97)00238-0. — View Citation

Siegel RL, Miller KD, Jemal A. Cancer statistics, 2019. CA Cancer J Clin. 2019 Jan;69(1):7-34. doi: 10.3322/caac.21551. Epub 2019 Jan 8. — View Citation

Vironen JH, Kairaluoma M, Aalto AM, Kellokumpu IH. Impact of functional results on quality of life after rectal cancer surgery. Dis Colon Rectum. 2006 May;49(5):568-78. doi: 10.1007/s10350-006-0513-6. — View Citation

Yeom SS, Park IJ, Jung SW, Oh SH, Lee JL, Yoon YS, Kim CW, Lim SB, Kim N, Yu CS, Kim JC. Outcomes of patients with abdominoperineal resection (APR) and low anterior resection (LAR) who had very low rectal cancer. Medicine (Baltimore). 2017 Oct;96(43):e8249. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000008249. — View Citation

* Note: There are 18 references in all — Click here to view all references

Outcome

Type	Measure	Description	Time frame	Safety issue
Primary	Bowel Dysfunction	Self reported urgency, fecal incontinence (either flatus or stool), difficulty in the evacuation. It is calculated using LARS Score Questionnaire which consists of five questions and can be used to generate an overall score that translates into no LARS (score 0-20), minor LARS (21-29), and major LARS (30-42) respectively.	6 months
Primary	Bladder Dysfunction	Self reported Weak urinary stream, stress incontinence, difficulty in postponing urination, dysuria. Assessment of bladder dysfunction was done by the validated questionnaire of International Prostatic Symptoms Score (IPSS) for bladder dysfunction.	6 months
Primary	Sexual Dysfunction	Self reported no sexual desire, unable to attain erection, unable to ejaculate, dyspareunia. The International Index of Female Sexual Function (IFSF) for females and the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF) for males.	6 months

External Links

•   A prospective study of sexual and urinary function before and after total mesorectal excision
•   Cancer incidence and mortality patterns in Europe: Estimates for 40 countries and 25 major cancers in 2018