Two-stage Arthroplasty for the Septic Arthritis of the Native Knee Joint

Septic Arthritis Clinical Trial

Official title:

Can Two-stage Primary Total Knee Arthroplasty With Low-dose Antibiotics Effectively Treat Septic Arthritis of the Native Knee Joint?

Clinical Trial Details — Status: Completed

Administrative data

• NCT number: NCT05484284
• Other study ID #: 2022-0292
• Status: Completed
• Phase: N/A
• Start date: February 22, 2022
• Est. completion date: April 22, 2022

Study information

• Verified date: July 2022
• Source: Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University
• Contact: n/a
• Is FDA regulated: No
• Study type: Interventional

Clinical Trial Summary

Septic arthritis (SA) of the native knee joint is rare but difficult to manage. Open or arthroscopic debridement is currently the most widely used approach. The problem is that there is a 71% and 50% chance of requiring revision surgery, respectively. Patients with recurrent sepsis may require arthrodesis or amputation, which would result in severe functional loss. Therefore, there is an urgent need to find more effective surgical procedures. Investigators developed a two-stage exchange with low-dose antibiotics for the treatment of SA and evaluated its efficacy.

Description:

Septic arthritis (SA) of the native knee joint is a rare but highly disabling disease. Epidemiologic studies have documented an incidence of 0.9 per 100,000. The treatment is challenging and the ideal treatment strategy is not well established. Over the past decades, open or arthroscopic debridement with systemic antibiotic therapy is the most widely used approach. However, a recent study has shown that these two methods have a failure rate as high as 50%-71%. Patients with recurrent sepsis may require arthrodesis or amputation, which would result in severe functional loss. Therefore, there is an urgent need to find more effective surgical procedures. A few reports proposed two-stage exchange to address SA and showed satisfying clinical outcomes. Orthopedic surgeons removed the infected soft and bone tissue during the first operation and then implant antibiotic-loaded bone cement spacer. Once the infection had been addressed, a new prosthesis was inserted in a second operation. This approach could greatly boost the success rate to over 95%. However, the issue is that high-dose antibiotics bone cement may cause life-threatening complications such as acute kidney injury and drug-induced immune hemolytic anemia. Therefore, investigators developed a two-stage exchange with low-dose antibiotics for the treatment of SA. Investigators summarized and analyzed the treatment processes and performed laboratory, imaging, and functional evaluations after treatment. The purpose was to introduce a new treatment regimen for SA and evaluate the technical points of the regimen, and prognosis over medium-term follow-ups.

Recruitment information / eligibility

• Status: Completed
• Enrollment: 14
• Est. completion date: April 22, 2022
• Est. primary completion date: April 6, 2022
• Accepts healthy volunteers: No
• Gender: All
• Age group: N/A and older

Eligibility

Inclusion Criteria:

• Diagnosed with SA based on one or more of the following: clinical presentations (fever, joint pain, restricted mobility, swelling and redness, and/or a discharging sinus communicating with the joint); elevated inflammation markers; evidence of infection on images; purulence in the joint, and positive frozen section or cultures
• Without infections at other sites
• Without venous thrombosis of the lower limbs
• American society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status classification was either 1 or 2
• With complete data for the main indicators (routine blood test results, C-reactive protein level, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, X-ray and/or MRI scans of the surgical site, and the Knee Society Function scores).

Exclusion Criteria:

• Patients (<60 yrs) without progression to advanced osteoarthritis
• In poor general condition who could not tolerate surgery

Related Conditions & MeSH terms

• Arthritis
• Arthritis, Infectious
• Septic Arthritis

Intervention

Procedure:
• two-stage primary total knee arthroplasty with low-dose antibiotics
Briefly, investigators completely debrided all necrotic soft tissue in the first stage of the operation. The surgical site was flushed twice with hydrogen peroxide, iodine, and saline solutions. Then, the antibiotic-loaded cement spacer was inserted. After surgery, a 10-day course of intravenous organism-specific antibiotics or vancomycin was administered, followed by oral antibiotic therapy. Second-stage reimplantation was performed once there was no sign of infection. The spacer was removed and the new prosthesis was implanted without the use of antibiotic-containing bone cement.

Locations

Country	Name	City	State
China	2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, China	Hangzhou	Zhejiang

Sponsors (1)

Lead Sponsor	Collaborator
Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University

Country where clinical trial is conducted

China, 

References & Publications (2)

Mathews CJ, Weston VC, Jones A, Field M, Coakley G. Bacterial septic arthritis in adults. Lancet. 2010 Mar 6;375(9717):846-55. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(09)61595-6. Review. — View Citation

Ross JJ. Septic Arthritis of Native Joints. Infect Dis Clin North Am. 2017 Jun;31(2):203-218. doi: 10.1016/j.idc.2017.01.001. Epub 2017 Mar 30. Review. — View Citation

Outcome

Type	Measure	Description	Time frame	Safety issue
Primary	Surgical success rate	The clearance rate of infection	two years postoperatively
Primary	Surgical success rate	The clearance rate of infection	three years postoperatively
Primary	Surgical success rate	The clearance rate of infection	four years postoperatively
Primary	Surgical success rate	The clearance rate of infection	five years postoperatively
Primary	Surgical success rate	The clearance rate of infection	six years postoperatively
Primary	Surgical success rate	The clearance rate of infection	seven years postoperatively
Primary	Surgical success rate	The clearance rate of infection	eight years postoperatively
Secondary	change from baseline in knee joint function	record Knee Society Function scores (0-100), the higher the score, the better the function	baseline, 1 month, 2 month, 3 month, 6 month, and yearly postoperatively