Sensorineural Hearing Loss Clinical Trial
Official title:
Prognostic Factors for Outcomes of Idiopathic Sudden Onset Sensorineural Hearing Loss
Each year, approximately 15,000 people in the United Kingdom experience sudden loss of
hearing that is sensorineural in nature. In the majority of cases, the cause is unknown
despite investigation, and these cases are termed idiopathic 'sudden onset sensorineural
hearing loss' (SSNHL). Treatment options for idiopathic SSNHL mainly include steroid
treatments, with considerable limitations in their effectiveness and evidence base.
There are a number of new treatments being developed for idiopathic SSNHL based upon recent
discoveries in underlying molecular mechanisms. These treatments require rigorous testing in
clinical trials before they can become available for clinical use. To allow for such trials
to be run effectively, there is an urgent need for information on patient numbers,
geographical distribution, demographics, patient and treatment pathways, as well as outcomes.
This study proposes to collect these data through an ENT trainee and Audiologist led
nationwide prospective cohort study of adult patients presenting with SSNHL within the
National Health Services (NHS). The study will take place at 97 NHS sites across England with
Ear, Nose, and Throat (ENT) and Audiology services.
Data once collected will be analysed to:
1. Establish the patient pathway for patients presenting with SSNHL in the NHS
2. Develop a tool that will help predict recovery for patients with idiopathic SSNHL.
3. Establish the impact of idiopathic SSNHL on people's quality of life.
Each year, approximately 20 people per 100,000 experience sudden loss of hearing that is
sensorineural in nature. 'Sensorineural' indicates an abnormality of the cochlea, the
auditory nerve, or higher central auditory pathways. When the hearing loss is of 30 dB
(decibel) or more, over at least 3 contiguous frequencies and within 3 days, the condition is
termed sudden onset sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL). SSNHL is predominantly unilateral and
the hearing loss can range from mild to profound. In 71% to 90% of cases, the cause is
unknown despite investigation, and these cases are termed idiopathic.
Associated symptoms include tinnitus, vertigo and aural fullness. Idiopathic SSNHL is a
serious condition, adversely impacting people's lives with research indicating associations
with emotional distress, depression, difficulties at work and impaired social integration. It
is estimated that 32% to 65% of cases of idiopathic SSNHL recover spontaneously, although
clinical experience suggests that this may be an overestimation, with further research
required in this area.
Current care pathways for patients suffering from idiopathic SSNHL appear to vary
considerably in terms of the type of service patients first present to, their subsequent
referral, length of time between onset of symptoms, presentation and start of treatment, the
treatment plan as well as follow-up. Treatment options for idiopathic SSNHL include systemic
and intratympanic steroids, antiviral agents, rheological agents, diuretics, hyperbaric
oxygen treatment, and observation alone. The lack of evidence regarding the comparative
effectiveness of these treatments is recognised by clinical guidelines published by National
Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE), the American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head
and Neck Surgery (ORL-HNS), and the British Academy of Audiology.
Based upon recent discoveries in the molecular mechanisms that lead to sensorineural hearing
loss, biotechnology and pharmaceutical companies are developing new treatments for patients
with idiopathic SSNHL. These treatments require rigorous testing in clinical trials before
they can become available for application in a clinical service setting. To allow for such
trials to be run effectively reliable information is required on where patients with
idiopathic SSNHL present and can be recruited from within the optimum timeframe from onset of
symptoms to start of treatment based upon the preclinical profile of the drug. This means
that there is an urgent need for information on patient numbers, geographical distribution,
demographics, patient and treatment pathways, as well as outcomes.
This study proposes to collect these data through an ENT trainee and Audiologist led
nationwide prospective cohort study of adult patients presenting with SSNHL within the NHS.
Importantly, this study will not only provide key data to inform future trial design and
delivery, but also a unique dataset to develop a prediction model to predict recovery for
patients with idiopathic SSNHL.
OBJECTIVES
1. To map the patient pathway and identify the characteristics of adult patients presenting
to NHS ENT and hearing services with SSNHL.
2. To develop a prediction model to predict recovery for patients with idiopathic SSNHL.
3. Establish the impact of idiopathic SSNHL on patients' quality of life (QoL)
METHODS
Study design National multicentre prospective observational cohort study.
Setting A multicentre study taking place at NHS centres providing ENT and Hearing Services.
Inclusion criteria
- Adult patients (male or female) aged over 16 years of age presenting to NHS ENT and
hearing services with SSNHL AND
- Diagnosed with a hearing loss in one or both ears of 30 dB HL or more, over at least 3
contiguous frequencies, between 250, 500, 1000, 2000, 4000 and 8000 Hz.
AND -Willing and able to provide written informed consent.
Exclusion criteria
-Patients with mixed or conductive hearing loss (CHL). CHL will be defined as a 'true'
air-bone gap of 15 dB HL or more in 3 or more contiguous frequencies between 500, 1000, 2000,
4000 Hz.
Primary outcome:
The change in auditory function in the affected ear from initial presentation to follow-up
(at any one time between 6 and 16 weeks from onset of symptoms). Auditory function will be
defined as the Pure Tone Average (PTA) of air conduction thresholds at 250, 500, 1000, 2000,
4000 and 8000 Hz. If multiple pure tone audiograms have been carried out between 6 and 16
weeks, the most recent pure tone audiogram will be used for the calculation of auditory
function.
Change in auditory function classified as:
1. Full recovery: Final PTA in affected ear within 10dB of PTA of unaffected ear (≤10dB)
2. Partial to no recovery: Final PTA in affected ear ≥10dB of PTA of unaffected ear.
Secondary outcomes:
Degree of change in auditory function:
- Complete recovery: Final PTA in affected ear within 10dB of PTA of unaffected ear
(≤10dB)
- Marked recovery: PTA improvement ≥30 dB (and final PTA in affected ear ≥ 10dB of PTA of
unaffected ear)
- Slight recovery: PTA improvement ≥10dB and ≤30 dB (and final PTA in affected ear ≥10dB
of PTA of unaffected ear)
- No improvement: PTA improvement ≤10 dB (and final PTA in affected ear ≥10dB of PTA of
unaffected ear)
Quality of life (QoL):
Change in QoL score from initial presentation to follow-up at any one time between 6 and 16
weeks following treatment. QoL will be measured using the Hearing Handicap Inventory for
Adults (HHIA) (for patients under 60 years of age) or Hearing Handicap Inventory for Elderly
(HHIE) (for patients over 60 years of age) and the Health Utility Index Mark 3 (HUI3). QoL
data will be only be collected in a selection of sites (see below).
Ranges for HHIA and HHIE are from 0 (no handicap) to 100 (total handicap) Range for HUI3 = 8
(no handicap) to 45 (total handicap).
Statistical analysis
Prognostic model:
The investigators will develop a multivariable prognostic model to predict recovery for
patients with SSNHL in NHS ENT and Hearing services. Missing outcome data at study end will
be imputed using multiple imputation by a chained equations procedure. Internal validation
will be performed to quantify optimism in the predictive performance (calibration and
discrimination) of the developed model using bootstrapping techniques. Bootstrapping
techniques provide information on the performance of the model in comparable datasets and
generate a shrinkage factor to adjust the regression coefficients.Statistical analysis will
be carried out using R software (version 3.5.1).
QoL:
The mean change in HHIA, HHIE and HUI3 scores will be calculated from initial presentation to
follow up (any one time between 6 and 16 weeks). The investigators will use the
non-parametric Wilcoxon and McNemar-Bowker tests with a significance level of 5% to compare
results at patients' initial presentation and at their final follow up. Statistical data
analysis will be carried out using the SPSS program 19.0 (SPSS, Chicago, IL, USA). QoL data
will be collected from a sub-set of sites (20%, n=20).
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