Physical Activity Clinical Trial
Official title:
Novel Exploration of Temporal Relationships Between Self-worth and Physical Activity in Middle-aged Women
The purpose of this study is to explore temporal relationships between self-worth and
physical activity (PA) participation in middle-aged women (aged 35-64 years). We are
particularly interested in the predictive role of self-worth on women's daily PA
participation.
This study will include two phases: a pilot phase to test the procedures and a test phase to
assess self-worth and PA. During the test phase, Women will receive text message prompts in
the morning, afternoon, and evening for 28 days on their cell phones. Each prompt will
include a link to an 11-item mobile Internet-based survey assessing momentary PA,
self-worth, and self-efficacy. Women will also concurrently wear an activity monitor
(GENEActiv) to objectively measure their activity levels throughout the study.
Using ecological momentary assessment, the purpose of this study is to explore temporal
relationships between self-worth and physical activity (PA) participation in middle-aged
women (aged 35-64 years).
This study will occur in two phases. During an initial pilot phase ten women will be asked
to test the instruments and procedures for this study. During the second phase, the test
phase, 60-100 women will be asked to complete daily surveys assessing their self-worth,
self-efficacy, and PA participation. The results of the pilot phase will be used to modify
instruments and procedures before the test phase commences.
During the pilot phase, 10 women will be asked to participate in an initial intake
appointment to sign the informed consent form, complete baseline questionnaires, receive an
activity monitor, and receive instructions on completing the daily surveys and wearing the
activity monitor. Women will also be asked to provide their typical daily wake times and
bedtimes during this appointment to guide the sampling schedule. Ecological momentary
assessment (EMA) in which women receive two or three daily prompts to complete a short
survey will be used in this study. Women will be asked to answer seven questions assessing
their momentary activity (1), self-efficacy (1), and self-worth (5) twice per day for one
week and three times per day for one week. Five women will be assigned to each condition
each week so that half of the sample receives the twice per day condition during the first
week and half receives the twice per day condition during the second week of the pilot
phase. Women sampled twice per day will be prompted to complete assessments 1) 15 minutes
after their typical wake time reported during their intake appointment and 2) 90 minutes
prior to their typical bedtime. Women sampled three times per day will be prompted one
additional time during the afternoon (random time between 2:00 and 3:00pm). Women will be
prompted to complete the survey via text message. A link will be provided in each text
message to direct women to a mobile compatible Qualtrics survey containing seven items
assessing women's current activity, self-efficacy, general self-worth, knowledge self-worth,
emotional self-worth, social self-worth, and physical self-worth. At the end of the two week
pilot phase, women will be asked to complete a survey to provide feedback on the sampling
scheme and the usability of the mobile survey. Results of the survey will inform
modifications to the test phase.
During the test phase, 60-100 women will be asked to participate in an initial intake
appointment to sign the informed consent form, complete baseline questionnaires, receive an
activity monitor, and receive instructions on completing the daily surveys and wearing the
activity monitor. Women will be asked to answer eleven questions assessing their current
activity (1), self-efficacy (1), and self-worth (9) three times per day for 28 days,
depending upon the results of the pilot phase. The three-times daily sampling scheme will be
adopted for the test phase. Therefore, women will receive text message prompts with a link
to the mobile compatible Qualtrics survey daily in the morning, afternoon, and evening.
Current activity will be measured using an item modified from a recent EMA study by Dunton
and colleagues (2012). Using a list of options, this item assesses the activity in which the
participant was engaged immediately prior to receiving the prompt. One item from the
Exercise Self-Efficacy Scale (McAuley, 1993) will be used to assess women's confidence in
their ability to participate in daily PA on a scale of 0% to 100% - "I am able to
participate in physical activity at a moderate intensity for 30+ minutes today without
quitting." General self-worth will be measured using one item from the general self-worth
subscale of the Adult Self-Perception Profile (Messer & Harter, 1986). Women will choose
among four statements to indicate how they feel about themselves: "Which of the following
statements is most true of how you feel RIGHT NOW? It is REALLY TRUE that I am dissatisfied
with myself It is SORT OF TRUE that I am dissatisfied with myself It is SORT OF TRUE that I
am satisfied with myself It is REALLY TRUE that I am satisfied with myself"
The Women's Physical Activity Self-Worth Inventory (WPASWI) (Huberty et al., 2013) will be
used to measure knowledge, emotional, and social self-worth. Women will be asked the extent
to which they agree (strongly disagree, somewhat disagree, somewhat agree, strongly agree)
with statements describing their knowledge, emotional, and social self-worth. One WPASWI
item from each of the self-worth domains was chosen for the pilot phase. Based upon results
of the pilot phase, the EMA survey was modified for the test phase and two items were chosen
to assess each domain, for a total of six items from the WPASWI. Examples include: "RIGHT
NOW - My knowledge about physical activity affects the way I feel about myself." (knowledge
self-worth) "RIGHT NOW - I feel it is important to take time to be physically active today."
(emotional self-worth) "RIGHT NOW - I need to know I have friends or family to support my
commitment to exercise in order to feel good about myself." (social self-worth)
Two items from the Physical Self-Perception Profile (Fox & Corbin, 1989) will be used to
measure perceived body attractiveness and physical condition, both important subdomains of
physical self-worth. Women will be asked the extent to which they agree (strongly disagree,
somewhat disagree, somewhat agree, strongly agree) with the following statements:
"RIGHT NOW - I feel confident about the appearance of my body." (body attractiveness) "RIGHT
NOW - I am confident in my level of physical conditioning and fitness." (physical condition)
In summary, the EMA survey used in the test phase of this study will include eleven items
assessing momentary activity (1) (Dunton et al., 2012); self-efficacy (1) (McAuley, 1993),
general self-worth (1) (Messer & Harter, 1986); knowledge (2), emotional (2), and social (2)
self-worth (Huberty et al., 2013); and physical self-worth (2) (Fox & Corbin, 1989).
Women will also be asked to wear a GENEActiv accelerometer for the duration of their
participation in the study (14 days for the pilot phase and 28 days for the test phase). All
participants will receive their GENEActiv during the initial intake appointment and will
return the device during a schedule appointment with a researcher. Women not local to the
Phoenix area will receive and return their GENEActiv by mail. As part of wearing the
activity monitor, women will also be asked to log their wear time, wake time, and bedtime.
All participants will receive comprehensive feedback on their time spent in sedentary,
light, moderate, and vigorous activity each day.
During the intake appointment, women will also be asked to complete the full-length
questionnaires upon which the EMA survey was developed (i.e., Exercise Self-Efficacy Scale
[McAuley, 1993], Adult Self-Perception Profile [Messer & Harter, 1986], WPASWI [Huberty et
al., 2013], Physical Self-Perception Profile [Fox & Corbin, 1989]), a demographics
questionnaire, and a regular PA questionnaire (Past-Week Modifiable Activity Questionnaire
[Gabriel et al., 2010]).
;
Observational Model: Cohort, Time Perspective: Prospective
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