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Filter by:Several approaches for summative assessment during Advanced Life Support courses are used. The most commonly used method during European Resuscitation (ERC) Council Life Support Courses is that 1 instructor is miming a whole team, and the candidate has to lead this "team" through a scenario; another variant of the summative assessment (mainly used by American Heart Association (AHA) Courses) is with a group of students, where one student is the team leader to be assessed and the others are his team not being assessed. The second approach might be more realistic; however there is no evidence around with regard to effectiveness (pass/fail rate, ability to test non-technical skills (NTS)) or participant/assessor satisfaction.
INTRODUCTION: Cognitive dysfunction is a frequent adverse event in the postoperative period, especially in elderly patients. The tests commonly used for the detection of postoperative cognitive dysfunction are time-consuming and with variable sensitivity and specificity and difficult routine use. Applying a difficult battery of cognitive tests decreases the viability of adopting measures to increase preoperative cognitive reserve and methods for prevention, diagnosis and rehabilitation of cases of Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction (POCD), it is desirable to search for alternative methods diagnoses.
Patients with COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) suffer from episodes of acute exacerbations leading to additional morbidity and mortality, and also a further decline in lung function. It has been well-established that bacterial colonization is prevalent in COPD, especially in moderate to severe COPD, and airway bacterial colonization is known to play an important role in the development of pneumonia and exacerbations. On the other way, inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) and long acting β2 agonist (LABA) were recommended in the treatment of moderate to severe COPD. Though there were some evidences that ICS had some protective effects on airway mucosa against bacteria invasion, the locally immunosuppressive effects of ICS is still a concern. Indeed, the incidence of pneumonia was higher than the control group, not only in the Towards a Revolution in COPD Health (TORCH) study but also in various studies and meta-analyses.We hypothesized that airway bacteria colonization is associated with disease severity, and that disease status can be identified by CAT (COPD assessment test)scores and changes of CAT scores. We therefore conducted this prospective, observational study in which CAT scores and sputum cultures were assessed in moderate to severe COPD patients with the combination therapy of ICS and LABA every three months during the study period. The primary end-point is the condition of potential pathogenic microorganisms (PPM) colonization in view of CAT scores. The second end-point was the changes of PPM colonization in association with CAT changes during follow-up. By the mean of CAT follow-up, it could possibly provide a surrogate about the risk of exacerbation and pneumonia under the combination therapy of ICS and LABA.
5% Minoxidil lotion was approved for using to stimulate hair growth in male androgenetic alopecia by US FDA science 1988. The mechanism of action still unclear. In general the 5% Minoxidil in solution is the first choice preparation for treatment, therefore allergic contact dermatitis to solution was report up to 5.7% (Ebner H. et al,1995). Propylene glycol which is the main solvent of these solution, was the main responsible to allergic contact dermatitis with positive patch test up to 81.8% (Friedman ES. et al. 2002) One of the alternative solution using butylene glycol as the solvent was invented to solve the problem. In Siriraj hospital the investigators using this new solvent and made our in house product called 5% Minoxidil milky lotion. However the efficacy and safety of the new solution have not been investigated. This study is conducted to evaluated efficacy and safety of 5% Minoxidil milky lotion compare with the classic solution in male androgenetic alopecia.