View clinical trials related to Seizures.
Filter by:For any newborn that exhibits possible seizure activity or has altered mental status of unknown etiology, continuous bedside EEG recording is the standard of care to detect subclinical seizure activity. The experimental aspect of this study will be the application of test electrodes (EES or EKG) to evaluate if the electrodes can be used to produce a continuous bedside recording of brain activity in the same manner as an EEG recording, while ideally producing less irritation of newborn skin than conventional EEG electrodes.
The Investigator plans to perform a prospective, randomized, single blinded, study that will compare patients treated with IV lacosamide to those treated with Phenytoin in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) setting. The investigator will also evaluate the rate of clinically evident and sub-clinical seizures, and to compare long-term outcomes between patients treated with lacosamide and those treated with Phenytoin.
In Kuopio University Hospital Department of Clinical Neurophysiology there have been designed a fast EEG electrode, that is suitable for acute emergency use. This study will address the clinical use of acute EEG with this fast EEG electrode in in- hospital patients who have been resuscitated due to cardiac arest. After resuscitation patients will be treated in ICU and EEG will be recorded for 24 hours.
The primary goal of the study is to assess the effect of pre-oxygenation on oxygen and carbon dioxide levels during seizures in patients admitted at the Epilepsy Monitoring Unit (EMU). The investigators hypothesize that providing oxygen prior to seizures will help eliminate the drops in changes seen during seizures, such as the drop in oxygen saturation and increase in carbon dioxide levels. Research will be done on patients that are admitted to the EMU specifically to have seizures occur and to be recorded on video electroencephalography (vEEG), and the only research intervention will be the use of oxygen prior to some of the seizures. The importance of this research relates to the phenomenon of sudden unexplained death in epilepsy patients (SUDEP). SUDEP cases are typically patients with epilepsy who are found dead by their families in the morning, without a clear cause for death. The risk of SUDEP is as high as 9.3 per 1000 person-years (Shorvon and Tomson 2011). There may be multiple mechanisms for SUDEP to occur, however a leading hypothesis is a decrease in ventilation during the seizure leading to hypoxia. Blood oxygen saturation levels have been found to decrease significantly in 25-50% of patients during or shortly after a seizure while being monitored in hospitals. In rare situations, a significantly lowered oxygen level may trigger a cascade of events from which the body may not be able to recover, leading to SUDEP. In animal models, providing oxygen prior to seizures occurring has been shown to eliminate oxygen desaturation, but more importantly eliminate mortality in animals prone to death due to seizures. Pre-oxygenation is a standard procedure during rapid-sequence induction anesthesia as it reduces the risk of oxygen desaturation during the apneic period of the procedure. On room air, the estimated duration of safe apnea is 1 minute, but this can increase to 8 minutes following pre-treatment with high FiO2 (Weingart and Levitan 2012). This is primarily due to oxygen replacing nitrogen within alveoli, creating a reservoir of oxygen within the lungs from which transfer to the bloodstream can continue despite the lack of ventilation. The apneic episode during seizures should benefit from the same principle. The main purpose of the Epilepsy Monitoring Unit (EMU) is to evaluate patients to better characterize seizures, to identify the main seizure focus. In addition to standard EEG with electrodes on the scalp, some patients require invasive localization of the epileptic focus by surgically placing electrodes within the skull (often referred to as GRID patients) on or within the brain, with the goal of being able to resect the area that is causing seizures. To identify where seizure originate electrically, it requires that seizures occur during the vEEG procedure. To provoke seizures, medications are typically lowered, and both partial seizures and those with secondary generalization to full tonic-clonic (GTC) seizures will occur. Prior research has shows that oxygen desaturation below 90% occurs with some complex partial seizures, but hypoxia is more common and more profound with GTCs. Some centers use oxygen saturation and CO2 monitors as their standard of care, and at NYULMC the investigators also have the capability for both for clinical usage. Oxygen is not currently a mandated standard-of-care, but is often provided by nasal prongs following seizures as part of the post-ictal nursing care, though there is no outcome data to support its use. It is unknown whether pre-treatment with oxygen will reduce the rate of oxygen desaturations clinically, as seen in animal models, and this is the goal of this research project.
The purpose of this study is to examine the long-term safety and tolerability of USL261 in the treatment of seizure clusters.
The primary objective of this study is to compare the efficacy of Brivaracetam and Phenytoin, both administered intravenously, in adult subjects experiencing nonconvulsive electrographic seizures.
Seizures are a potential complication of surgical repair of intracranial aneurysms. In order to prevent seizures, many surgeons administer prophylactic anti-epileptic medication during the intra-operative and post-operative period, however, such practice is not supported by clinical data. Retrospective review found the incidence of postoperative seizures was higher in those who received anti-epileptics versus those who did not. The goal is to examine the utility of levetiracetam (Keppra) for seizure prophylaxis in patients undergoing surgical repair of unruptured intracranial aneurysms.
The purpose of this study is to see the effects of non-invasive vagal nerve stimulation for the reduction in frequency of seizure associated with epilepsy in subjects 18 or older.
This is a Phase IV adjunctive treatment dose-optimization study evaluating the efficacy, safety, and health outcomes of ezogabine/retigabine immediate release (IR) (GW582892) compared with placebo in adult subjects with partial-onset seizures (POS). This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, multicenter study will compare ezogabine/retigabine IR (investigator-selected daily doses of 600 milligram (mg)/day, 750 mg/day, 900 mg/day, 1050 mg/day or 1200 mg/day) with placebo. Study drug will be taken three times a day (TID) in equally or unequally divided doses. The study design includes up to a 10-week (wk) Screening (≤2 wks)/Baseline (8 wks) Phase, a Titration Phase (2 wks), Dose-Optimization Phase (8 wks), Maintenance Phase (8 wks), and Taper/Follow-Up Phase (3 wks). The total duration of the study for each subject will be approximately 31 wks, and at minimum approximately 27 wks if subjects provide reliable 28-day retrospective seizure data. Approximately 280 subjects will be screened with approximately 208 subjects randomly assigned to 1 of 2 treatment groups in a 2:1 ratio (ezogabine/retigabine IR, or placebo). Subjects will be instructed to start investigational product (IP) the day after the baseline visit. During the first week of the Titration Phase, subjects will be taking 300 mg/day (100 mg TID). During the second week, subjects will be taking 450 mg/day (150 mg/day TID). At the beginning of the Dose-Optimization Phase (3rd week of study drug) subjects will take 600 mg/day (200 mg TID) for one week. Thereafter during the Dose-Optimization Phase, subjects will continue to increase their daily dose by 150 mg per week until they have achieved their optimal tolerated dose. During this phase, the investigator may choose to have the subject stay on his/her designated dose for another week before attempting a dose increase until reaching a dose of 1200 mg/day. In addition, in the context of tolerability issues, the subject may be reduced to the preceding dose level for one week before attempting to increase the dose again at the next scheduled time point until the subject reaches optimal dose. Subjects unable to tolerate a minimum of 600 mg/day will be discontinued from the study. The Maintenance Phase will begin at Week 10 (Visit 8) and will last 8 weeks. During the Maintenance Phase, subjects will remain on the daily TID dose achieved at the end of the Dose-Optimization Phase. Seizure type and frequency will be monitored throughout the study via a Seizure Calendar and will be evaluated at each study visit. Subjects will be instructed to complete the daily Seizure Calendar during each phase of the study.
Various parts of the brain are sensitive to various anesthetics.We like to study the effect of dexmedetomidine on the different parts of the brain in patients who are coming for DBS electrode removal under sedation.