View clinical trials related to Rickets.
Filter by:Sepsis in a clinical entity that occurs in patients with serious infections. Though the severity of illness may vary, every year, approximately 1.6 million Americans are treated for sepsis. Even with timely interventions, anywhere from 16% to >80% of patients with sepsis will not survive. Immune dysfunction is thought to play a critical role in the ability for infections to evolve into sepsis and to eventually lead to death. Recently, vitamin D has been identified as a key regulator of the immune system. While it remains unclear whether optimizing vitamin D status may improve outcomes in sepsis, little is known about the effects of vitamin D supplementation in patients with severe infections. As such, our goal is to study whether high doses of cholecalciferol (vitamin D3) can improve vitamin D status and boost certain aspects of the immune system in patients with sepsis.
This study aims to evaluate the effect of vitamin D3 supplementation on disease activity and quality of life in IBD patients deficient in vitamin D, and also help determine the optimal dose of vitamin D3 for them. Hypothesis: Supplementation of vitamin D3 in IBD patients with hypovitaminosis D can improve their quality of life and decrease IBD activity.
In the United States, ~1 million elective hip or knee replacement surgeries are performed annually. With estimated surgical site infection (SSI) rates as high as 2.5%, this represents ~25,000 patients at risk of potentially avoidable morbidity following lower extremity joint replacement surgery. Although SSIs only account for 20% of all HAIs, they are a major risk factor for prosthetic joint infections (PJIs). Furthermore, UTIs have also been identified as an independent risk factor for infections of implanted hardware. In general, the majority of PJIs become apparent within 3 months of hardware implantation, but deep infections may not be evident for up to one year after surgery. Hardware infections result in delayed healing, repeated surgical interventions, and long-term antibiotic therapy. PJIs are associated with an average increase in hospital LOS by 14 days, additional expenditures of up to $50,000 per infected joint, and a doubling of the mortality rate compared to uninfected lower extremity joint replacements. Recent work from our group suggests that vitamin D insufficiency may be a risk factor for perioperative HAIs. The prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency is approximately 40% in elective joint replacement surgery patients, and perioperative 25(OH)D levels drop 30-40% in the setting of surgical stress, remaining 20% below baseline up to 3 months after surgery. To date, perioperative vitamin D optimization strategies have not been reported. Therefore, our goal is to study the effect of a single (pre-operative) versus a divided (pre-operative and on post-operative day 1) dose of cholecalciferol on perioperative vitamin D status in patients scheduled for elective hip or knee joint replacement surgery.
Vitamin D is an essential nutrient. Deficiency of vitamin D is widespread. The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in early preterm infants is unknown. The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends a daily intake of 400 IU in order to achieve a serum concentration of 20 ng/ml of vitamin D. This recommendation presumes exposure to sunlight, the best source of vitamin D. This study assesses vitamin D status at birth and during hospital stay in infants delivered delivered at earlier than or at 32 weeks gestation. We also assess the adequacy of intake relative to the target set by the American Academy of Pediatrics for children.
The purpose of the study is to determine whether vitamin D supplementation in patients with hypovitaminosis D can decrease nonunion (failure to heal) incidence in patients with fractures of the humerus, femur, or tibia. The central hypothesis of the study is that vitamin D supplementation in patients with fractures and hypovitaminosis D will decrease the risk of nonunion compared to placebo treatment.
A growing body of evidence suggests that robust postoperative immune function is associated with a lower risk of surgical site infections (SSIs). At the same time, vitamin D is increasingly recognized as a key regulator of the innate and adaptive immune systems. The investigators elected to conduct the current study in patients who will undergo colorectal surgery since these patients are historically at higher risk of developing SSIs and therefore would be ideal for future investigations.
Along with its effects on bone metabolism, vitamin D is an important modulator of the immune system. Experimental studies have shown that the active metabolite of vitamin D [1,25(OH)2D] is able to skew the T cell compartment into a more anti-inflammatory state, with inhibition of Th1 and Th17 cells and promotion of Th2 and T regulatory subsets. In the context of HIV infection, in which Th1 subpopulations are devoted to inhibit viral replication, any alteration of the Th1/Th2 balance would be of concern. The aim of this Randomized Controlled Trial is to test wether oral supplementation with cholecalciferol could be able: 1) to improve vitamin D status and, 2) to play an immunomodulatory role, in vertically HIV-infected children and young adults with hypovitaminosis D.
Calcium (Ca2+) and vitamin D (VitD) play an important role in child health. Aims. The investigators evaluated the daily intake of Ca2+ and VitD in healthy children; and the efficacy of Ca2+ and VitD supplementation. Daily Ca2 + and VitD intake was evaluated in consecutive healthy children through a validated questionnaire. Subjects with a daily Ca2 + and VitD intake < 70% of dietary reference intakes (DRIs) were invited to participate in prospective randomized trial with 2 groups of nutritional intervention: group 1, dietary counseling aiming to optimize daily Ca2+ and VitD intake plus administration of a commercially available Ca2 + and VitD supplementation product (Colecalcium®, Humana, Milan, Italy); group 2, dietary counseling alone. At the enrollment (T0) and after 4 months (T1) serum VitD levels were assessed.
Research Title: Evaluation of airway reactivity, allergy and inflammatory mediators in exhaled breath condensate in vitamin D resistant rickets. Aim: To assess the effect of absence of vitamin D receptors on airway reactivity, allergy and inflammatory mediators in exhaled breath condensate in a prospective study evaluating patients with vitamin D resistant rickets and in healthy controls. Sample size: 40 participants in the two groups. Primary end point: Airway reactivity as assessed by methacholine challenge test. Secondary outcome parameters: All other parameters are the secondary end points.
Rickets, a common nutritional disorder, is usually considered to be due to vitamin D deficiency. However, in the last few decades many studies have shown that in tropical countries, with abundance of sunshine, calcium deficiency may play a more important role in the causation of rickets. Studies from adults in India have also shown that calcium intake of our population is much below the recommended allowance. The calcium deficiency gets compounded by the high level of phytates in the conventional vegetarian diet consumed by the majority of the population. There are few studies on children in India / other Asian countries on assessment of dietary calcium intake. However, recent studies from many nations of the world have also shown a wide spread prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in adolescent and adult population. A study done at our own hospital has shown a high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in lactating mothers and their infants. Since both Calcium and Vitamin D deficiency are likely to be present in children, it is not clear what plays a more important role in the etiology of rickets in India or other Asian countries. The present study is therefore planned with the following objectives: 1. To study the dietary calcium intake, sun exposure and serum vitamin D levels in children with and without rickets. 2. To compare the role of Calcium Carbonate, Vitamin D and a combination of the two in the treatment of nutritional rickets.