Biological Therapy, Sargramostim, and Isotretinoin in Treating Patients With Relapsed or Refractory Neuroblastoma

Recurrent Neuroblastoma Clinical Trial

Official title:

Feasibility/Phase II Study of hu14.18-IL2 Immunocytokine + GM-CSF and Isotretinoin in Patients With Relapsed or Refractory Neuroblastoma

Clinical Trial Details — Status: Completed

Administrative data

• NCT number: NCT01334515
• Other study ID #: ANBL1021
• Secondary ID: NCI-2011-02672CD
• Status: Completed
• Phase: Phase 2
• Start date: September 2011
• Est. completion date: September 30, 2019

Study information

• Verified date: October 2019
• Source: Children's Oncology Group
• Contact: n/a
• Is FDA regulated: No
• Study type: Interventional

Clinical Trial Summary

This phase II trial is studying how well hu14.18-interleukin-2 (IL2) fusion protein works when given together with sargramostim and isotretinoin in treating patients with relapsed or refractory neuroblastoma. Biological therapy, such as hu14.18-IL2 fusion protein, and sargramostim work in different ways to stimulate the immune system and stop tumor cells from growing. Drugs used in chemotherapy, such as isotretinoin, work in different ways to stop the growth of tumor cells, either by killing the cells or by stopping them from dividing. Giving hu14.18-IL2 fusion protein together with sargramostim and isotretinoin may kill more tumor cells.

Description:

PRIMARY OBJECTIVES:

I. To evaluate the safety and tolerability of sargramostim (GM-CSF) and isotretinoin given in combination with hu14.18-IL-2 (hu14.18-IL2 fusion protein), as a test of feasibility for a future Phase III study.

II. To evaluate the anti-tumor activity of hu14.18-IL2 given in combination with GM-CSF and isotretinoin in patients with recurrent or refractory neuroblastoma with disease measurable by standard radiographic criteria (stratum-1).

III. To evaluate the anti-tumor activity of hu14.18-IL2 given in combination with GM-CSF and isotretinoin in patients with recurrent or refractory neuroblastoma evaluable only by meta iodo benzyl guanidine I 123 (MIBG) scintigraphy and/or bone marrow histology (stratum-2).

SECONDARY OBJECTIVES:

I. To describe the disease burden of stratum-2 patients by semi-quantitative assessment of bone marrow and MIBG scintigraphy and determine whether there is an association between lower disease burden and response to hu14.18-IL2.

II. To assess molecular parameters of response (reverse-transcriptase (RT) polymerase chain reaction (PCR)) for patients meeting complete response (CR) criteria.

III. To evaluate the immunologic activation induced in vivo by hu14.18-IL2. IV. To determine the induction of anti-hu14.18-IL2 antibody by treatment with hu14.18-IL2.

V. To test for associations between tumor response versus immune activation and anti-hu14.18-IL2 activity, and between measurements of toxicity versus immune activation and anti-hu14.18-IL2 activity.

OUTLINE: This is a multicenter study. Patients are stratified according to measurable disease (disease measurable by standard radiographic criteria [stratum-1] vs disease evaluable only by meta iodo benzyl guanidine I 123 (MIBG) and/or bone marrow histology [stratum-2]).

Patients receive sargramostim subcutaneously (SC [preferred]) or IV over 2 hours on days 1-2 and 8-14, hu14.18-IL2 fusion protein IV over 4 hours on days 4-6, and isotretinoin orally (PO) twice daily on days 11-24. Treatment repeats every 28 days for 4-10 courses in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Patients in stratum-1 who achieve stable disease (SD) after course 4 are removed from protocol therapy. Patients in stratum-2 who achieve SD after course 4 receive 2 additional courses of study treatment. Patients may undergo blood and bone marrow sample collection periodically for correlative studies.

After completion of study therapy, patients are followed up every 3 months for 1 year, every 6 months for 2 years, and then yearly for 2 years.

Recruitment information / eligibility

• Status: Completed
• Enrollment: 52
• Est. completion date: September 30, 2019
• Est. primary completion date: December 31, 2013
• Accepts healthy volunteers: No
• Gender: All
• Age group: 1 Year to 30 Years

Eligibility

Inclusion Criteria:

• The target tumor is limited to neuroblastoma; patients must have had histologic verification of neuroblastoma and/or demonstration of tumor cells in the bone marrow with increased urinary catecholamines at the time of initial diagnosis

• Patients must have resistant/refractory or recurrent neuroblastoma

• Tumor imaging and bone marrow evaluation for histologic analysis of marrow tumor cell quantity must be obtained within 3 weeks (21 days) prior to enrollment onto study and patients must have one of the following:

• Measurable tumor on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), computed tomography (CT) scan, or x-ray defined as minimum of 20 mm in at least one dimension; measurable is defined as minimum of 20 mm in at least one dimension; for patients who are in first response (i.e., those patients with persistent sites of tumor after frontline therapy, but who have never relapsed), a biopsy of a lesion or bone marrow must demonstrate viable neuroblastoma following completion of therapy; if the lesion was irradiated, the biopsy must be done at least 4 weeks after radiation is completed

• Meta iodo benzyl guanidine I 123 (MIBG) scan with positive uptake at minimum of one site; for patients in first response, a biopsy of site must demonstrate viable tumor; if lesion was radiated, biopsy must be done at least 4 weeks after radiation completed

• Bone marrow with tumor cells seen on routine morphology (not by neuron specific enolase (NSE) staining only) of bilateral aspirate and/or biopsy on one bone marrow sample

• Patients must have a performance status of 0, 1 or 2; use Karnofsky >= 50% for patients > 16 years of age and Lansky >= 50 for patients =< 16 years of age

• Patients must have a life expectancy of = 8 weeks

• Patients must have fully recovered from the acute toxic effects of all prior chemotherapy, immunotherapy, or radiotherapy prior to entering this study

• Myelosuppressive chemotherapy: Must not have received within 3 weeks of entry onto this study (4 weeks if prior nitrosourea).

• Biologic (anti-neoplastic agent): At least 7 days since the completion of therapy with a non-myelosuppressive biologic agent; for agents that have known adverse events occurring beyond 7 days after administration, this period must be extended beyond the time during which adverse events are known to occur; for information on half-lives of these agents, refer to the table provided in the following link: https://members.childrensoncologygroup.org/_files/disc/dvl/Half-lifetableforeligibilit y.pdf

• External beam radiation therapy (XRT): >= 2 wks for local palliative XRT (small port); >= 6 months must have elapsed if prior craniospinal XRT or if >= 50% radiation of pelvis; >= 6 weeks must have elapsed if other substantial bone marrow (BM) radiation

• Autologous stem cell transplant (ASCT): Patients are eligible > 56 days after autologous stem cell infusion following myeloablative therapy; patients receiving an autologous stem cell infusion to support non-myeloablative therapy (including 131I-MIBG given as a single agent) are eligible at any time as long as they meet the hematologic and other organ function criteria for eligibility; patients who have received an allogenic stem cell transplant are excluded

• radioactive iodine (131 I) MIBG therapy: Patients are eligible > 6 weeks after therapeutic 131I-MIBG

• Study specific limitations on prior therapy: Subjects who have previously received in vivo anti-GD2 monoclonal antibodies for biologic therapy or for tumor imaging, are eligible unless they have had progressive disease or a severe allergic reaction while receiving prior anti-disialoganglioside (GD2) therapy; subjects who have received autologous marrow infusions or autologous stem cell infusions using monoclonal antibody linked to beads to purge specimens, but no other form of anti-GD2 monoclonal antibody, are eligible

• Growth factor(s): Must not have received within 1 week of entry onto this study

• Steroids: Patients who require or are likely to require corticosteroid or other immunosuppressive drugs for intercurrent disease (any other significant medical problem related to or independent from the neuroblastoma or its treatment) while tentatively scheduled to be receiving treatment on this study are ineligible; the only exception is for patients known to require 2 mg/kg or less of hydrocortisone (or an equivalent dose of an alternative corticosteroid) as premedication for blood product transfusion in order to avoid allergic transfusion reactions

• Peripheral absolute phagocyte count (APC=neutrophils + monocytes) >= 1000/uL

• Platelet count = 20,000/µL*

• Hemoglobin = 8 g/dL*

• Transfusions are permitted to meet these platelet and hemoglobin criteria, if the patient is known to have a history of bone marrow involvement with tumor; patients with platelet counts < 20,000/uL who are refractory to platelet transfusions are not eligible for this study; patients requiring transfusions of platelets or red blood cells (RBC) to meet eligibility criteria will not be evaluable for hematologic toxicity

• Creatinine clearance or radioisotope glomerular filtration rate (GFR) >= 70 mL/min OR serum creatinine based on age/gender as follows:

• 0.4 mg/dL (1 month to < 6 months of age)

• 0.5 mg/dL (6 months to < 1 years of age)

• 0.6 mg/dL (1 to < 2 years of age)

• 0.8 mg/dL (2 to < 6 years of age)

• 1.0 mg/dL (6 to < 10 years of age)

• 1.2 mg/dL (10 to < 13 years of age)

• 1.5 mg/dL (male) or 1.4 mg/dL (female) (13 to < 16 years of age)

• 1.7 mg/dL (male) or 1.4 mg/dL (female) (= 16 years of age)

• Total bilirubin =< 1.5 times upper limit of normal (ULN)

• Serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT) (alanine aminotransferase [ALT]) =< 5 x upper limit of normal (ULN) for age

• Shortening fraction of >= 27% by echocardiogram

• Ejection fraction of >= 55% by gated radionuclide study (interleukin 2 [IL2] is associated with capillary leak and, at high doses, pulmonary edema)

• Corrected QT (QTC) interval < 450 msec

• Due to risk of IL2 associated vascular leak and pulmonary edema, patients must have normal respiratory function; this is defined as no evidence of dyspnea at rest, no exercise intolerance, and a pulse oximetry > 94% on room air; if pulmonary function tests (PFTs) are performed, the forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1)/forced vital capacity (FVC) must be greater than 60%

• Patients with a history of central nervous system (CNS) disease must have no clinical or radiological evidence of CNS disease at the time of protocol enrollment; (it is currently unknown whether hu14.18-IL2 penetrates the blood brain barrier to provide effective CNS treatment)

• Patients with seizure disorders may be enrolled if on anti-convulsants and well-controlled

• CNS toxicity =< grade 2

Exclusion Criteria:

• Females of childbearing potential must have a negative pregnancy test

• Patients of childbearing potential must agree to use an effective birth control method (as isotretinoin is known to be teratogenic)

• Female patients who are lactating must agree to stop breast-feeding

• Patients with symptoms of congestive heart failure or uncontrolled cardiac rhythm disturbance are not eligible

• Patients with symptomatic pleural effusions or ascites (requiring constant or intermittent drainage) because IL2 is associated with capillary leak are not eligible

• Patients who have had major surgery (i.e., laparotomy or thoracotomy) within the past 2 weeks are not eligible, due to the capillary leak associated with IL2

• Patients with organ allografts (including bone marrow or stem cell) due to the immune activating effects of IL2 are not eligible; patients receiving prior autologous bone marrow or stem cell re-infusions are eligible

• Patients with prior history of ventilator support related to lung injury (lung injury such as pneumonia, hemorrhagic pneumonitis, capillary leakage) are excluded

• Patients with significant serious intercurrent illnesses (any other ongoing serious medical problem unrelated to cancer or its treatment) that is not covered by the detailed exclusion criteria and which is expected to interfere with the action of hu14.18-IL2 or to significantly increase the severity of the toxicities experienced from hu14.18-IL2 treatment are not eligible

Related Conditions & MeSH terms

• Neuroblastoma
• Recurrent Neuroblastoma

Intervention

Biological:
• hu14.18-IL2 fusion protein
Given IV

Drug:
• isotretinoin
Given PO

Biological:
• sargramostim
Given SC

Other:
• laboratory biomarker analysis
Correlative studies

Locations

Country	Name	City	State
Canada	Alberta Children's Hospital	Calgary	Alberta
Canada	Hospital Sainte-Justine	Montreal	Quebec
Canada	The Montreal Children's Hospital of the MUHC	Montreal	Quebec
Canada	Hospital for Sick Children	Toronto	Ontario
Canada	British Columbia Children's Hospital	Vancouver	British Columbia
United States	Children's Hospital Medical Center of Akron	Akron	Ohio
United States	University of New Mexico Cancer Center	Albuquerque	New Mexico
United States	Children's Oncology Group	Arcadia	California
United States	Children's Healthcare of Atlanta - Egleston	Atlanta	Georgia
United States	Children's Hospital Colorado	Aurora	Colorado
United States	Sinai Hospital of Baltimore	Baltimore	Maryland
United States	Lehigh Valley Hospital - Muhlenberg	Bethlehem	Pennsylvania
United States	University of Alabama at Birmingham	Birmingham	Alabama
United States	Dana-Farber Cancer Institute	Boston	Massachusetts
United States	Roswell Park Cancer Institute	Buffalo	New York
United States	University of North Carolina	Chapel Hill	North Carolina
United States	Carolinas Medical Center	Charlotte	North Carolina
United States	Presbyterian Hospital	Charlotte	North Carolina
United States	University of Chicago Comprehensive Cancer Center	Chicago	Illinois
United States	University of Illinois	Chicago	Illinois
United States	Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center	Cincinnati	Ohio
United States	Cleveland Clinic Foundation	Cleveland	Ohio
United States	Rainbow Babies and Childrens Hospital	Cleveland	Ohio
United States	Medical City Dallas Hospital	Dallas	Texas
United States	The Children's Medical Center of Dayton	Dayton	Ohio
United States	Rocky Mountain Hospital for Children-Presbyterian Saint Luke's Medical Center	Denver	Colorado
United States	Raymond Blank Children's Hospital	Des Moines	Iowa
United States	Duke University Medical Center	Durham	North Carolina
United States	Lee Memorial Health System	Fort Myers	Florida
United States	Cook Children's Medical Center	Fort Worth	Texas
United States	Saint Vincent Hospital	Green Bay	Wisconsin
United States	Connecticut Children's Medical Center	Hartford	Connecticut
United States	Penn State Hershey Children's Hospital	Hershey	Pennsylvania
United States	University of Hawaii	Honolulu	Hawaii
United States	Riley Hospital for Children	Indianapolis	Indiana
United States	Nemours Children's Clinic - Jacksonville	Jacksonville	Florida
United States	Bronson Methodist Hospital	Kalamazoo	Michigan
United States	Kalamazoo Center for Medical Studies	Kalamazoo	Michigan
United States	University of Kentucky	Lexington	Kentucky
United States	University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences	Little Rock	Arkansas
United States	Loma Linda University Medical Center	Loma Linda	California
United States	Children's Hospital Los Angeles	Los Angeles	California
United States	Kosair Children's Hospital	Louisville	Kentucky
United States	Children's Hospital Central California	Madera	California
United States	University of Wisconsin Hospital and Clinics	Madison	Wisconsin
United States	St. Jude Children's Research Hospital	Memphis	Tennessee
United States	Miami Children's Hospital	Miami	Florida
United States	Children's Hospitals and Clinics of Minnesota - Minneapolis	Minneapolis	Minnesota
United States	Morristown Memorial Hospital	Morristown	New Jersey
United States	Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center	Nashville	Tennessee
United States	Children's Hospital-Main Campus	New Orleans	Louisiana
United States	Tulane University Health Sciences Center	New Orleans	Louisiana
United States	Columbia University Medical Center	New York	New York
United States	Childrens Hospital-King's Daughters	Norfolk	Virginia
United States	University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center	Oklahoma City	Oklahoma
United States	Childrens Hospital of Orange County	Orange	California
United States	Florida Hospital	Orlando	Florida
United States	Children's Hospital of Philadelphia	Philadelphia	Pennsylvania
United States	Oregon Health and Science University	Portland	Oregon
United States	Virginia Commonwealth University	Richmond	Virginia
United States	Mayo Clinic	Rochester	Minnesota
United States	Cardinal Glennon Children's Medical Center	Saint Louis	Missouri
United States	Washington University School of Medicine	Saint Louis	Missouri
United States	All Children's Hospital	Saint Petersburg	Florida
United States	Primary Children's Medical Center	Salt Lake City	Utah
United States	Rady Children's Hospital - San Diego	San Diego	California
United States	University of California San Francisco Medical Center-Parnassus	San Francisco	California
United States	Seattle Children's Hospital	Seattle	Washington
United States	Sanford USD Medical Center - Sioux Falls	Sioux Falls	South Dakota
United States	Southern Illinois University	Springfield	Illinois
United States	Overlook Hospital	Summit	New Jersey
United States	State University of New York Upstate Medical University	Syracuse	New York
United States	The Toledo Hospital/Toledo Children's Hospital	Toledo	Ohio
United States	Natalie W Bryant Cancer Center	Tulsa	Oklahoma
United States	New York Medical College	Valhalla	New York
United States	Children's National Medical Center	Washington	District of Columbia

Sponsors (2)

Lead Sponsor	Collaborator
Children's Oncology Group	National Cancer Institute (NCI)

Countries where clinical trial is conducted

United States,  Canada, 

Outcome

Type	Measure	Description	Time frame	Safety issue
Primary	Number of Patients With Unacceptable Dose Limiting Toxicities (DLTs)	Test for tolerability and monitor for the occurrence of too many unacceptable DLTs using a two-stage stopping rule: (Stage 1) Accrue 10 patients. If more than 1 experience at least one unacceptable DLT during the first treatment cycle, the regimen will be considered to have unacceptable toxicity, and accrual will be temporarily closed, to review all relevant data and consider modifying the regimen to improve safety. If 1 or no patients have an unacceptable DLT in the first treatment cycle, then continue. (Stage 2) Accrue 20 more patients. If 7 or more experience at least one unacceptable DLT in the first treatment cycle, temporarily close the study for possible dosing-safety modifications. If 6 or fewer have an unacceptable DLT in the first treatment cycle, it is reasonable to assume that the combination therapy is safe.	Up to 10 courses
Secondary	Overall Response Evaluated in This Study Using the New International Criteria Proposed by the Revised Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST)	Number of patients where best overall response is a complete response (CR)-[disappearance of all target lesions and disappearance of any other measureable disease], a very Good Partial Response (VGPR)- [>90% decrease of the disease measurement for CT/MRI lesions, taking as reference the disease measurement done to confirm measurable disease at study entry. Non-target CT/MRI lesions stable to smaller in size], or partial Response (PR)- [>= 30% decrease in the disease measurement, taking as reference the disease measurement done to confirm measurable disease at study entry. Non-target CT/MRI lesions stable to smaller in size], and maintains the response. It is possible that a subject's response to therapy may not occur until after several months of treatment. In order to prevent bias, the maximum duration of time/treatment over which a subject's response is to be assessed for determination of the best overall response is after the completion of up to 10 courses.	Every two cycles (each cycle lasts 28 days)