Reading Problem Clinical Trial
— BVU-R15Official title:
Knowledge Accessibility and Availability in Forming Knowledge to Text Inferences Among Middle Grade Readers
Verified date | April 2024 |
Source | Buena Vista University |
Contact | n/a |
Is FDA regulated | No |
Health authority | |
Study type | Interventional |
Recent adolescent-based research shows that inference making improves across grades 6-12, uniquely accounts for variance in sentence- and passage-level comprehension, and that individual differences in inference making relate in a principled way to variations in reading comprehension for readers of all abilities (Barth et al., 2015; Barnes et al., 2015). These findings suggest that comprehension requires inference making and that comprehension fails when readers do not possess relevant knowledge (i.e., availability) or slowly retrieve (i.e., accessibility) and integrate knowledge from text or semantic memory during reading (Kendeou, 2015). To date, only one study has examined the effects of knowledge availability and accessibility on inference making among adolescents. To extend this limited body of research, this project will conduct two experimental studies designed to examine (a) the extent to which knowledge-base availability and accessibility relates to the accuracy and rate of constructing inferences using that knowledge (Aim 1) and (b) the extent to which retrieval practice (i.e., spaced practice testing) increases knowledge availability and accessibility and improves the accuracy and rate of forming inferences using that knowledge-base among middle grade readers (Aim 2). In addition, this project will integrate investigative research into an undergraduate Honors Research Program by developing an investigative laboratory component that engages undergraduates in conducting applied research (Aim 3). The research design uses 558 students in grades 5-8. To address Aim 1, mixed effects explanatory item response models will fit to the trial-by-trial reading accuracy and speed data. Repeated measures analysis of variance models will address Aim 2 with analysis of variance models used for Aim 3. The expected outcomes of the proposed research include (a) understanding how knowledge availability and accessibility relate to inference making among adolescent readers; (b) understanding the sources of inference making difficulty; and (c) methods for improving knowledge availability and accessibility and inference making to broadly implement in secondary grade classrooms.
Status | Completed |
Enrollment | 241 |
Est. completion date | August 31, 2022 |
Est. primary completion date | May 27, 2022 |
Accepts healthy volunteers | Accepts Healthy Volunteers |
Gender | All |
Age group | 10 Years to 14 Years |
Eligibility | Inclusion Criteria: - Must be able to hear study directions and stimuli Exclusion Criteria: - Students who are enrolled in a Life Skills class focused on activities of daily living - Students who are enrolled in English as a Second language introductory classes - Students with severe disabilities that impact reading and listening. |
Country | Name | City | State |
---|---|---|---|
United States | Storm Lake Community School District | Storm Lake | Iowa |
Lead Sponsor | Collaborator |
---|---|
Buena Vista University |
United States,
Barnes MA, Dennis M, Haefele-Kalvaitis J. The effects of knowledge availability and knowledge accessibility on coherence and elaborative inferencing in children from six to fifteen years of age. J Exp Child Psychol. 1996 Apr;61(3):216-41. doi: 10.1006/jecp.1996.0015. — View Citation
Type | Measure | Description | Time frame | Safety issue |
---|---|---|---|---|
Primary | Change in Knowledge Accessibility and Availability | Know-It task is an individually administered assessment of knowledge accessibility (rate of response) and availability (accuracy of response) for a taught knowledge base.
Scale title is the Know-It, the minimum value is 0 the maximum value is 14, a score of 14 is a better outcome. Construct: Literal and Inferential Comprehension Higher score indicates better reading proficiency |
immediately after training KNOW-IT knowledge base items; one week after training KNOW-IT knowledge base items; and 1 month after training KNOW-IT knowledge base items | |
Secondary | Direct and Indirect Effect of Reading Comprehension for Grade Level Texts on Knowledge Accessibility & Availability | Gates-MacGinite Reading Test-4th Edition, a standardized, group-administered, multiple-choice assessment of reading comprehension with internal consistency for students in grades 5-8 that exceeds 0.80. The scale title is the Gates-MacGinitie Test 4th Edition, Reading Comprehension subtest. Higher score means a better outcome.
Standard score with a mean of 100 and standard deviation of 15. Standard score range from 55 to 145. Data on this measure was only collected for Cohort 1 (n = 145) and not for Cohort 2 (n = 96) Construct: Reading Comprehension Higher score indicates better reading proficiency |
180 days from training of KNOW-IT knowledge base items | |
Secondary | Direct and Indirect Effect of Reading Strategy Use for Content Area Texts on Knowledge Availability and Accessibility | Contextualized Reading Survey, students to report study strategies used when reading. The scale measures the types of reading strategies readers use in different types of reading situations. For each question, the reader indicates their use on a scale of 1 to 5. 1 means I almost never do this. 2 means that I rarely do this. 3 means that I sometimes to this. 4 means that I usually do this. 5 means that I almost always do this. Items load onto 4 factors: evaluation and knowledge integration; pragmatic strategies; self regulation; help seeking. Higher values indicate a better outcome.
Toal of 49 items on the survey. Min score 49 max score 245. Construct: Strategic reading skills |
45 days from training of KNOW-IT knowledge base items | |
Secondary | Direct and Indirect Effect of Word and World Knowledge and Understanding on Knowledge Accessibility and Availability | Kauffman Brief Intelligence Test-2, Verbal Knowledge subtest is a norm-referenced, individually administered assessment of expressive word and world knowledge. Internal consistency ranges from 0.89-0.94 for students in grades 5-8.
Standard score with a mean of 100 and standard deviation of 15. Standard score range from 55 to 145. Construct: Vocabulary and verbal knowledge Higher score indicates better vocabulary and verbal knowledgeproficiency |
180 days from training of KNOW-IT knowledge base items | |
Secondary | Direct and Indirect Effect of Reading Fluency for Words on Knowledge Accessibility and Availability | Test of Word Reading Efficiency-2 Sight Word Efficiency, a 45-second assessment of students' word reading accuracy and speed. Reliability coefficients exceed .80 for students in grade 5-8.
Standard score with a mean of 100 and standard deviation of 15. Standard score range from 55 to 145. Construct: Word reading or Decoding skills Higher score indicates better word reading skills |
180 days from training of KNOW-IT knowledge base items | |
Secondary | Direct and Indirect Effect of Text to Text Inference Making on Knowledge Accessibility and Availability | Bridge-IT, a computerized task, asks students to read a five-sentence text, form an inference, and determine if the next provided sentence continues the story. Internal consistency for students in the middle grades ranges from 0.83-0.87.
Students were asked to respond to 20 inferential questions. Min score 0, max score 20. Higher score indicates better outcome. Construct: Inference making |
45 days from training of KNOW-IT knowledge base items | |
Secondary | Direct and Indirect Effect of Nonverbal Reasoning on Knowledge Accessibility and Availability | Kauffman Brief Intelligence Test-2 Matrices subtest assess students nonverbal reasoning and ability to identify patterns and problem solve. Reliability coefficients exceed .80 for students in grades 5-8.
Standard score with a mean of 100 and standard deviation of 15. Standard score range from 55 to 145. Construct: Nonverbal reasoning skills Higher score indicates better Nonverbal reasoning skills |
45 days from training of KNOW-IT knowledge base items | |
Secondary | Direct and Indirect Effect of Working Memory for Words on Knowledge Accessibility and Availability | Working Memory Test from the Woodcock Johnson. This subtest measures students' memory for numbers.
Standard score with a mean of 100 and standard deviation of 15. Standard score range from 55 to 145. Construct: Working memory Higher score indicates better working memory capacity |
45 days from training of KNOW-IT knowledge base items | |
Secondary | Test of Word Reading Efficiency Sight Word Reading. Construct: Word Reading | Assesses students speed of reading words by sight.
Scores reported are standard scores with a mean of 100 and standard deviation of 15 Standard score range from 55 to 145. Construct: Word reading or decoding skills Higher score indicates better word reading skills |
45 days from training of KNOW-IT knowledge base items | |
Secondary | Direct and Indirect Effect of Working Memory for Text on Knowledge Accessibility and Availability | Woodcock Johnson Verbal Memory task requires that the student listen to a series of words and determine if the words have been heard before.
Standard score with a mean of 100 and standard deviation of 15. Standard score range from 55 to 145. Construct: Verbal working memory Higher score indicates better verbal working memory capacity |
45 days | |
Secondary | Direct and Indirect Effect of Reading Fluency for Nonwords on Knowledge Accessibility and Availability | Test of Word Reading Efficiency-2, Phonemic Decoding Efficiency, a 45-second assessment of students' non-word reading accuracy and speed. Alternate form reliability exceeds 0.90 for students in grades 5-8.
Standard score with a mean of 100 and standard deviation of 15 Standard score range from 55 to 145. Construct: Decoding or word reading skills Higher score indicates better word reading skills |
45 days from training of KNOW-IT knowledge base items | |
Secondary | Direct and Indirect Effect of Reading Fluency for Connected Text on Knowledge Accessibility and Availability | Curriculum Based Measure of Oral Reading Fluency, is an assessment of students ability to read connected text quickly and accurately. Reliability coefficients exceed .80 for students in grades 5-8.
Scores represent the average number of words read correctly on the oral reading fluency assessment. Higher score indicates better word reading fluency skills Construct: Reading fluency |
180 days from training of KNOW-IT knowledge base items | |
Secondary | Direct and Indirect Effect of Reading Comprehension for Grade Level Texts on Knowledge Accessibility and Availability | FastBridge Adaptive Reading (aReading) is a computer adaptive assessment of reading comprehension. Reliability coefficients exceed .80 for students in grades 5-8. The aReading test measures students' proficiency in various reading-related domains such as concepts of print, vocabulary, and comprehension of literary and informational text.
aReading Scaled Score Benchmark: Grade 5: >=523 = College pathway, <509 = some risk, <497 = High risk Grade 6: >=530 = College pathway, <516 = some risk, <502 = High risk aReading scores are listed according to bands of 50 points each starting at minimum 350 and ending at maximum 750. Note, this is an extended scale score. Construct: Reading skills |
180 days from training of KNOW-IT knowledge base items | |
Secondary | Direct and Indirect Effect of Word, World, and Domain Knowledge on Knowledge Accessibility and Availability | Gates MacGinitie Reading Test Vocabulary subtest measures students understanding of word, world, and domain knowledge using multiple choice questions. Reliability coefficients exceed .80 for students in grades 5-8
Standard score with a mean of 100 and standard deviation of 15. Standard score range from 55 to 145. Construct vocabulary knowledge Higher score indicates better vocabulary knowledge |
180 from training of KNOW-IT knowledge base items |
Status | Clinical Trial | Phase | |
---|---|---|---|
Not yet recruiting |
NCT04989088 -
Neurofeedback Training for Dyslexia
|
N/A | |
Completed |
NCT04511065 -
Computer Based Newsletter and Literacy Engagement of Middle-school Students
|
N/A | |
Recruiting |
NCT05692973 -
The Role of Knowledge Retrieval in Inference-making
|
N/A | |
Terminated |
NCT04276610 -
Words on the Brain: Can Reading Rehabilitation for Age-Related Vision Impairment Improve Cognitive Functioning?
|
N/A | |
Recruiting |
NCT05568056 -
Efficacy of Reading Intervention on the Brain Connectivity in Autism
|
Early Phase 1 | |
Completed |
NCT03261661 -
Improving Response to Intervention in Students With or at Risk of Reading Disabilities
|
N/A |