Radiation Induced Dermatitis Clinical Trial
Official title:
Randomized, Double-blind, Split-body, Placebo-controlled Phase Ib Study of APN201 (Liposomal Recombinant Human Cu/Zn-superoxide Dismutase) for the Prevention of Radiation-induced Dermatitis in Women With Breast Cancer
The standard treatment for early-stage breast cancer is breast-conserving surgery followed
by adjuvant radiation therapy to the whole breast. This approach leads to low recurrence
rates with a good cosmesis and provides an effective alternative to mastectomy. However, in
most women receiving radiotherapy radiation dermatitis occur to some degree.
Radiation dermatitis generally manifests within a few weeks after the start of radiation
therapy. Its onset varies depending on the radiation dose intensity and the normal tissue
sensitivity of individuals. As the cumulative dose of radiation increases the transient
erythema occurring during the first weeks of radiotherapy may evolve into the more
persistent erythema and to dry or even moist desquamation that reflects the damage to the
basal cell layer and the sweat and sebaceous glands.
There is currently no evidence that prophylactic treatments, beyond keeping the irradiated
area clean and dry, are effective in reducing the incidence or severity of radiation
dermatitis (Bolderston et al. 2006).
However, together with other enzymes of the peroxidase pathway, SOD scavenges the
superoxide, hydroxyl, and other oxygenated free radicals (Klug et al. 1972; Tainer at al.
1983). In physiological conditions, the production of free radicals (Monte & Sacerdote 1994)
and the action of antiradicals' enzymes is balanced. Following tissue injuries, either
pathological or caused by agents such as radiation therapy, an excess production of free
radicals is observed (Petkau 1986; Lorette & Machet 2001). Furthermore, basal SOD is
increased in breast cancer patients before radiation therapy as compared to controls (Seth
et al. 2003), and decreases after radiotherapy (Ray at al. 2000). Hence, liposomal rhSOD
applied during radiotherapy could be used to prevent the effects of free radicals and thus
might protect the patient's skin from radiation-induced skin reactions.
TREATMENT PLAN All patients receive APN201 and placebo at the same time. The irradiated
region is divided vertically into two symmetric areas (left and right). One area is treated
with APN201, the other area is treated with placebo in a double-blind fashion.
Study treatment (APN201 and placebo) starts on the day of initiation of radiation therapy
and continues until the end of radiation therapy to the whole breast (25 or 28 daily
fractions to a total dose of 50.0 Gy or 50.4 Gy, respectively) (see schedule of assessments,
section 5.1).
Study treatment is stopped if radiation dermatitis of ≥ grade 2 occurs in one or both
treated areas for ≥ 3 days AND a difference in the severity of radiation dermatitis of ≥ 1
grade is seen between the two treated areas. From that point in time the patient only
receives the treatment that appeared to be beneficial and this treatment is applied to the
whole irradiated region until completion of the 25th, respectively 28th, fraction.
Treatment stops earlier in case of progressive disease or unacceptable toxicity or
intolerability.
n/a
Allocation: Randomized, Endpoint Classification: Safety/Efficacy Study, Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment, Masking: Double Blind (Subject, Caregiver, Investigator, Outcomes Assessor), Primary Purpose: Prevention