Prostate Cancer — Study of Hypofractionated Proton Beam Radiation Therapy for Prostate Cancer
Citation(s)
Coen JJ, Bae K, Zietman AL, Patel B, Shipley WU, Slater JD, Rossi CJ Acute and late toxicity after dose escalation to 82 GyE using conformal proton radiation for localized prostate cancer: initial report of American College of Radiology Phase II study 03-12. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2011 Nov 15;81(4):1005-9. doi: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2010.06.047. Epub 2010 Oct 6.
Ronson BB, Yonemoto LT, Rossi CJ, Slater JM, Slater JD Patient tolerance of rectal balloons in conformal radiation treatment of prostate cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2006 Apr 1;64(5):1367-70. doi: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2005.11.001. Epub 2006 Feb 20.
Slater JD Clinical applications of proton radiation treatment at Loma Linda University: review of a fifteen-year experience. Technol Cancer Res Treat. 2006 Apr;5(2):81-9. doi: 10.1177/153303460600500202.
Slater JD Twenty years of proton radiation therapy at Loma Linda University Medical Center. In U. Linz, editor. Ion beam therapy: fundamentals, technology, clinical applications. Berlin: Springer, 2012:581-595.
Slater JM, Bush DA, Grove R, Slater JD The prognostic value of percentage of positive biopsy cores, percentage of cancer volume, and maximum involvement of biopsy cores in prostate cancer patients receiving proton and photon beam therapy. Technol Cancer Res Treat. 2014 Jun;13(3):227-31. doi: 10.7785/tcrtexpress.2013.600271. Epub 2013 Sep 20.
Talcott JA, Rossi C, Shipley WU, Clark JA, Slater JD, Niemierko A, Zietman AL Patient-reported long-term outcomes after conventional and high-dose combined proton and photon radiation for early prostate cancer. JAMA. 2010 Mar 17;303(11):1046-53. doi: 10.1001/jama.2010.287. Erratum In: JAMA. 2010 Apr 7;303(13):1257.
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
