Premature Labor Clinical Trial
The present study will be undertaken to establish whether genetic variations of PAR1 could be involved in the occurrence of any of the "placental syndromes" of preterm delivery, preeclampsia, and/or small for gestational age babies and recurrent pregnancy loss.
Polymorphisms of Protease Activated Receptor 1 and adverse pregnancy outcomes Protease
Activated Receptor 1 (PAR1), the main thrombin receptor on vascular cells (Coughlin,1999),
plays a critical role in orchestrating human placentation based on temporally and spatially
constrained PAR1 expression in the normal invasive trophoblasts (O’Brien et al, 2003) and
its overexpression in pathological invasive trophoblast (Even-Ram et al, 2003).
Various proteases of the PAR family as well as matrix metalloproteinases have been
implicated in ancillary regulation of cancer metastases and tumor-related angiogenesis. PAR1
in particular has been proposed to be involved in invasive processes of various cancers (Ruf
& Mueller, 2006; Boire et al, 2005). Similarly, it might be surmised that remodeling of the
placenta microenvironment as well as the requisites of trophoblast invasiveness may be PAR1
sensitive (Grisaru-Granovsky et al, 2005). Therefore, one might hypothesize that PAR1 gene
variability may be involved in early placentation and that adverse pregnancy outcomes of the
"placental syndromes" may have their origin in PAR1 dysregulation.
Study Design: This is a prospective case-control pilot study. Subject enrolment and data
collection will be performed via the Admission Service of the Division for Maternal & Fetal
Medicine in a large tertiary obstetrics department in Jerusalem, Israel. Demographic data
including maternal characteristics, past reproductive history, and information about
previous complications during pregnancy, delivery and the neonatal period will be culled.
The blood samples will be collected at routine admission after obtaining informed consent by
the physician on the floor.
Four groups are described: patients with spontaneous preterm delivery of a singleton before
35 weeks of gestation; patients with a singleton pregnancy complicated by preeclampsia
diagnosed according the Working Group Criteria (2000); patients who deliver a small for
gestational age (SGA) singleton defined as a birth weight below the 10th percentile for the
gestational age according to the Israeli growth curves (Dollberg et al, 2005); and for
comparison, patients who deliver a singleton at term with appropriate size for gestational
age. Patients who suffer delivery with intrauterine fetal demise and/or neonates with
malformations will be excluded.
Maternal and umbilical cord blood samples (in 0.11mol/l sodium tri citrate) will be paired.
DNA will be prepared from white blood cells by standard techniques and subsequently stored
at -4°C for batched analysis. The laboratory staff will be blinded as to the clinical status
of the samples.
Polymorphism analysis will be performed for the following polymorphisms of the PAR1 gene:
[-1426CT], [506 insertion of 13 bp],[IVS-14A/T]: as per standard PCR techniques using
appropriate restriction endonucleases (Arnaud et l, 2000).
;
Observational Model: Case Control, Primary Purpose: Screening, Time Perspective: Cross-Sectional
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