Pregnancy in Adolescence Clinical Trial
Official title:
Can "16 & Pregnant" Change Teens' Attitudes About Teen Pregnancy? A Randomized Controlled Trial
The purpose of this study is to determine whether watching the MTV (Music Television)
television show "16 and Pregnant" could affect teen girls' attitudes about teen pregnancy,
teen parenting, and pregnancy prevention. The investigators will recruit teen girls, ages
15-18, who will be randomized to the intervention group (who will be asked watch 4 episodes
of the show over a 4 week period) or the control group (who will not be intentionally exposed
to watching the show, and will not be told which show the intervention group is watching).
The investigators will evaluate, through survey, their attitudes about teen pregnancy and
teen parenting before and after the intervention period, and compare the two groups at the
conclusion of the study.
The investigators' hypothesis is that the teens that are exposed to watching the show will
have less favorable attitudes towards teen pregnancy and teen parenting than those teens who
are not exposed to watching the show.
The objective of this study is to evaluate whether a television show, 16 and Pregnant, can be
used as entertainment-education - specifically if it changes teens' attitudes about teen
pregnancy and teen parenting. The primary outcome measure will be the change in attitudes
about teen pregnancy and teen parenting after the intervention period.
Specific Aim: To determine the effect that watching the TV (television) show 16 and Pregnant
has on teen girls' attitudes about teen pregnancy and teen parenting. Attitudes will be
measured using the Thoughts on Teen Parenting Survey, which is a 44-item survey with 5-point
Likert scale responses. Scores for the entire survey as well as sub-scale scores will be
calculated both pre- and post-intervention.
Hypothesis: Teens who are exposed to themes of unintended teen pregnancy will have less
favorable attitudes towards teen pregnancy and teen parenting when compared with similar
teens not exposed to those themes.
In order to determine if the TV show 16 and Pregnant has any effect on teen girls' attitudes
around teen pregnancy and parenting, the investigators plan to conduct a randomized
controlled trial of an intervention consisting of watching the television program once a week
for 4 weeks. Participants will be randomized to either the intervention arm, which will watch
an approximately 45-minute commercial-free episode of the show 16 and Pregnant once a week
for 4 weeks, or the control arm, which will not be intentionally exposed to the show. Each
group will complete the same pre- and post-test survey to allow for comparisons between the
groups.
All participants will be female teens between the ages of 15 and 18. Teens will be excluded
if their parents do not permit them to participate, or if they do not assent to participate.
They will also be excluded if they report having watched more than one episode (or more than
60 minutes) of 16 and Pregnant previously. The investigators plan to recruit approximately
215 teens to get a sample of 150 participants.
The survey instrument will be based on two previously developed surveys. The Thoughts on Teen
Parenting Survey (TTPS) will be used to measure attitudes towards teen pregnancy and teen
parenting. This is a previously validated 44-item survey designed to be used with adolescents
ages 14-19 to evaluate teens' perceptions on teen pregnancy and teen parenting. A few
additional questions, though not previously validated, will be used to evaluate teens'
attitudes towards contraception, pregnancy options other than parenting (adoption or
abortion), and sexual activity. These will be used to describe the population of teens in the
study. The knowledge portion of the survey will be based on questions from the The National
Survey of Reproductive and Contraceptive Knowledge (NSRCK), developed by The Guttmacher
Institute and The National Campaign to Prevent Teen & Unplanned Pregnancy. This survey was
originally designed to measure contraceptive knowledge among 18-29 year olds. The reading
level of many of the questions will be changed to accommodate a younger audience, but the
content of the questions will remain the same. Again, this section of the survey will mainly
be used to describe the group of teens in the study in terms of their level of contraceptive
and reproductive health knowledge.
All surveys will be internet-based and will be administered by Knowledge Networks, a company
that specializes in online survey research. Demographic information will be obtained via
self-disclosure on the survey, as well as from the demographic information that is collected
by Knowledge Networks when the participant agrees to join the KnowledgePanel®. Information
about other sources of reproductive health knowledge will be assessed as well, including
prior exposure to the show 16 and Pregnant.
Participants in the intervention group will complete a brief survey after watching each
episode, as a measure to ensure that they actually watched the episode.
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