Effect of Electroacupuncture on the Incidence of Postoperative Delirium in Elderly Patients Undergoing the Major Surgery

Postoperative Delirium Clinical Trial

Official title:

Effect of Electroacupuncture on the Incidence of Postoperative Delirium in Elderly Patients Undergoing the Major Surgery：a Prospective, Multicenter, Double-blind, Randomized Controlled Trial

Clinical Trial Details — Status: Completed

Administrative data

• NCT number: NCT03606941
• Other study ID #: NKYY_YX_IRB_2017_036_02
• Status: Completed
• Phase: N/A
• Start date: September 7, 2018
• Est. completion date: October 31, 2022

Study information

• Verified date: November 2022
• Source: Tianjin Nankai Hospital
• Contact: n/a
• Is FDA regulated: No
• Study type: Interventional

Clinical Trial Summary

1. Title: Effect of electroacupuncture on the incidence of postoperative delirium in elderly patients undergoing the major surgery. 2. Research center: Multicenter 3. The Design of the study: Randomized, double-blind, controlled study 4. The population of the study: Elderly patients（65≤age<90 years），it is planned to select a period/time limit for gastrointestinal tumor surgery, bile duct surgery, thoracic surgery or orthopedic surgery and so on under general anesthesia, and the estimated operation time≥ 2 hours. 5. Sample size: Enroll 1100 patients (550 patients in each group) 6. Interventions: Participants in the treatment group received acupuncture (0.30mm×70mm) at bilaterally Shenmen (HT7) acupoints (0.3-0.5 inch), Neiguan (PC6) acupoints (0.5-1 inch), Baihui (DU20) acupoint (0.5-0.8 inch) and Yintang (EX-HN3) acupoint (0.3-0.5 inch) 30 minutes before anesthesia induction. After "Deqi", electroacupuncture stimulation apparatus (HANS G6805-2, Huayi Co, Shanghai, China) is connected and maintained the end of operation. Participants in the control group received shallow needling (0.30mm×25mm) at bilateral sham HT7, PC6, DU20 and EX-HN3 (nonacupoints located 1 inch beside acupoints, about 20mm). Specifically, the depth of needle insertion into nonacupoints is 3-5mm and avoided manual stimulation and no "Deqi" without actual current output. 7. The aim of the research: To investigate the effect of electroacupuncture on the incidence of postoperative delirium within 5 days in elderly patients undergoing the major surgery. 8. Outcome： 1) Primary outcome：The incidence of delirium within 5 days after surgery；The effects on postoperative NRS pain and sleep quality scores； 2)Secondary outcome：Duration of mechanical ventilation in patients with endotracheal intubation on ICU admission; Length of stay in ICU and Length of stay in hospital after surgery; Incidence of postoperative complications (including re-hospitalization); 30-day life quality and cognitive function after surgery; All-cause 30-day mortality after surgery. 9. The estimated duration of the study：3-4 years.

Description:

This study is a large sample, randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled and long-term follow-up design. In this study, bilateral Shenmen, Neiguan, Baihui and Yintang acupoints were selected for perioperative electroacupuncture treatment, accompanied with evaluating the incidence of delirium within 5 days after surgery,the effects on postoperative NRS pain and sleep quality scores as well as the detection of blood biochemical indexes such as serum S100β, brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), interleukin-6 and interleukin-8. To clarify the effect of electroacupuncture on the incidence of postoperative delirium in elderly patients undergoing the major surgery is of great significance to the clinical applications and popularization of traditional acupuncture treatment perioperatively across the world.

Recruitment information / eligibility

• Status: Completed
• Enrollment: 1100
• Est. completion date: October 31, 2022
• Est. primary completion date: July 31, 2022
• Accepts healthy volunteers: No
• Gender: All
• Age group: 65 Years to 90 Years

Eligibility

Inclusion Criteria:

1. Age=65 and <90 years old;

2. Planning to undergo select timed/limited surgery such as gastrointestinal tumor surgery, bile duct surgery and thoracic surgery etc under general anesthesia, and the estimated operation time is more than 2 hours;;

3. Treatment without radiotherapy or chemotherapy prior to surgery;

4. Agree to participate in this study and sign informed consent;

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Refuse to participate in this study;

2. Preoperative history of schizophrenia, epilepsy, Parkinson's disease, or myasthenia gravis;

3. Inability to communicate in the preoperative period to complete preoperative evaluation because of severe dementia, coma, language barrier;

4. Brain injury or neurosurgery;

5. Critical condition (if the ASA grade is greater than or equal to grade IV before surgery); Severe renal impairment (dialysis treatment before surgery); Severe liver function impairment (Child-Pugh level C); Preoperative combined with severe heart disease, LVEF < 30%;

6. Previous experience of acupoint stimulation therapy or non-insensitive to acupoint stimulation;

7. The attending physician or researcher considers that there are other circumstances (reasons to be noted) that are not suitable for participation in this study.

Related Conditions & MeSH terms

• Delirium
• Postoperative Delirium

Intervention

Device:
• electroacupuncture treatment
Participants in the electroacupuncture group received acupuncture (0.30mm×70mm) at bilaterally Shenmen (HT7) acupoints (0.3-0.5 inch), Neiguan (PC6) acupoints (0.5-1 inch), Baihui (DU20) acupoint (0.5-0.8 inch) and Yintang (EX-HN3) acupoint (0.3-0.5 inch) 30 minutes before anesthesia induction. After "Deqi", electroacupuncture stimulation apparatus (HANS G6805-2, Huayi Co, Shanghai, China) is connected with the density wave (2/100 Hz), width 0.25 ms, intensity of 1 ~ 30 mA (gradually increase to the patient's maximum tolerance) and maintained the end of operation.
• sham electroacupuncture treatment
Participants in the sham electroacupuncture group received shallow needling (0.30mm×25mm) at bilateral sham HT7, PC6, DU20 and EX-HN3 (nonacupoints located 1 inch beside acupoints, about 20mm). Specifically, the depth of needle insertion into nonacupoints is 3-5mm and avoided manual stimulation and no "Deqi" without actual current output, and retained the needle until the end of surgery.

Locations

Country	Name	City	State
China	Electroacupuncture Apparatus	Tianjin	Tianjin

Sponsors (1)

Lead Sponsor	Collaborator
Tianjin Nankai Hospital

Country where clinical trial is conducted

China, 

References & Publications (24)

Ansaloni L, Catena F, Chattat R, Fortuna D, Franceschi C, Mascitti P, Melotti RM. Risk factors and incidence of postoperative delirium in elderly patients after elective and emergency surgery. Br J Surg. 2010 Feb;97(2):273-80. doi: 10.1002/bjs.6843. — View Citation

Avidan MS, Maybrier HR, Abdallah AB, Jacobsohn E, Vlisides PE, Pryor KO, Veselis RA, Grocott HP, Emmert DA, Rogers EM, Downey RJ, Yulico H, Noh GJ, Lee YH, Waszynski CM, Arya VK, Pagel PS, Hudetz JA, Muench MR, Fritz BA, Waberski W, Inouye SK, Mashour GA; — View Citation

Avramescu S, Wang DS, Choi S, Orser BA. Preventing delirium: beyond dexmedetomidine. Lancet. 2017 Mar 11;389(10073):1009. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(17)30661-X. — View Citation

Balas MC, Happ MB, Yang W, Chelluri L, Richmond T. Outcomes Associated With Delirium in Older Patients in Surgical ICUs. Chest. 2009 Jan;135(1):18-25. doi: 10.1378/chest.08-1456. Epub 2008 Nov 18. — View Citation

Bickel H, Gradinger R, Kochs E, Förstl H. High risk of cognitive and functional decline after postoperative delirium. A three-year prospective study. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord. 2008;26(1):26-31. doi: 10.1159/000140804. Epub 2008 Jun 24. — View Citation

Chernyak GV, Sessler DI. Perioperative acupuncture and related techniques. Anesthesiology. 2005 May;102(5):1031-49; quiz 1077-8. Review. — View Citation

Ely EW, Gautam S, Margolin R, Francis J, May L, Speroff T, Truman B, Dittus R, Bernard R, Inouye SK. The impact of delirium in the intensive care unit on hospital length of stay. Intensive Care Med. 2001 Dec;27(12):1892-900. Epub 2001 Nov 8. — View Citation

Franco K, Litaker D, Locala J, Bronson D. The cost of delirium in the surgical patient. Psychosomatics. 2001 Jan-Feb;42(1):68-73. — View Citation

Inouye SK, Schlesinger MJ, Lydon TJ. Delirium: a symptom of how hospital care is failing older persons and a window to improve quality of hospital care. Am J Med. 1999 May;106(5):565-73. Review. — View Citation

Lin JG, Chen YH. The mechanistic studies of acupuncture and moxibustion in Taiwan. Chin J Integr Med. 2011 Mar;17(3):177-86. doi: 10.1007/s11655-011-0664-8. Review. — View Citation

Lin R, Li X, Liu W, Chen W, Yu K, Zhao C, Huang J, Yang S, Peng H, Tao J, Chen L. Electro-acupuncture ameliorates cognitive impairment via improvement of brain-derived neurotropic factor-mediated hippocampal synaptic plasticity in cerebral ischemia-reperf — View Citation

Liu Z, Liu Y, Xu H, He L, Chen Y, Fu L, Li N, Lu Y, Su T, Sun J, Wang J, Yue Z, Zhang W, Zhao J, Zhou Z, Wu J, Zhou K, Ai Y, Zhou J, Pang R, Wang Y, Qin Z, Yan S, Li H, Luo L, Liu B. Effect of Electroacupuncture on Urinary Leakage Among Women With Stress — View Citation

Liu Z, Yan S, Wu J, He L, Li N, Dong G, Fang J, Fu W, Fu L, Sun J, Wang L, Wang S, Yang J, Zhang H, Zhang J, Zhao J, Zhou W, Zhou Z, Ai Y, Zhou K, Liu J, Xu H, Cai Y, Liu B. Acupuncture for Chronic Severe Functional Constipation: A Randomized Trial. Ann I — View Citation

Matsumoto-Miyazaki J, Ushikoshi H, Miyata S, Miyazaki N, Nawa T, Okada H, Ojio S, Ogura S, Minatoguchi S. Acupuncture and Traditional Herbal Medicine Therapy Prevent Deliriumin Patients with Cardiovascular Disease in Intensive Care Units. Am J Chin Med. 2 — View Citation

Milbrandt EB, Deppen S, Harrison PL, Shintani AK, Speroff T, Stiles RA, Truman B, Bernard GR, Dittus RS, Ely EW. Costs associated with delirium in mechanically ventilated patients. Crit Care Med. 2004 Apr;32(4):955-62. — View Citation

Morandi A, Jackson JC. Delirium in the intensive care unit: a review. Neurol Clin. 2011 Nov;29(4):749-63. doi: 10.1016/j.ncl.2011.08.004. Review. — View Citation

Naeije G, Pepersack T. Delirium in elderly people. Lancet. 2014 Jun 14;383(9934):2044-2045. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(14)60993-4. — View Citation

Oh ES, Fong TG, Hshieh TT, Inouye SK. Delirium in Older Persons: Advances in Diagnosis and Treatment. JAMA. 2017 Sep 26;318(12):1161-1174. doi: 10.1001/jama.2017.12067. Review. — View Citation

Pisani MA, Kong SY, Kasl SV, Murphy TE, Araujo KL, Van Ness PH. Days of delirium are associated with 1-year mortality in an older intensive care unit population. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2009 Dec 1;180(11):1092-7. doi: 10.1164/rccm.200904-0537OC. Epub 2 — View Citation

Robinson TN, Raeburn CD, Tran ZV, Angles EM, Brenner LA, Moss M. Postoperative delirium in the elderly: risk factors and outcomes. Ann Surg. 2009 Jan;249(1):173-8. doi: 10.1097/SLA.0b013e31818e4776. — View Citation

Sieber FE. Postoperative delirium in the elderly surgical patient. Anesthesiol Clin. 2009 Sep;27(3):451-64, table of contents. doi: 10.1016/j.anclin.2009.07.009. Review. — View Citation

Su X, Meng ZT, Wu XH, Cui F, Li HL, Wang DX, Zhu X, Zhu SN, Maze M, Ma D. Dexmedetomidine for prevention of delirium in elderly patients after non-cardiac surgery: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet. 2016 Oct 15;388(10054):1893-1 — View Citation

Vickers AJ, Linde K. Acupuncture for chronic pain. JAMA. 2014 Mar 5;311(9):955-6. doi: 10.1001/jama.2013.285478. — View Citation

Zhang Q, Li YN, Guo YY, Yin CP, Gao F, Xin X, Huo SP, Wang XL, Wang QJ. Effects of preconditioning of electro-acupuncture on postoperative cognitive dysfunction in elderly: A prospective, randomized, controlled trial. Medicine (Baltimore). 2017 Jun;96(26) — View Citation

* Note: There are 24 references in all — Click here to view all references

Outcome

Type	Measure	Description	Time frame	Safety issue
Primary	The incidence of delirium within 5 days after surgery	Using confusion assessment method (CAM) or CAM-ICU methods to assess delirium	an average of one year
Secondary	Duration of mechanical ventilation in patients with endotracheal intubation on ICU	Duration of mechanical ventilation and endotracheal intubation in ICU	an average of 1 year
Secondary	Length of stay in hospital after surgery	postoperative ICU stay time and hospitalization time	12 months
Secondary	Incidence of non-delirium complications during the first 30 days after surgery (including re-hospitalization)	cardiac events, cerebrovascular events, renal injury, infections, etc	up to 1 year
Secondary	All-cause 30-day mortality after surgery	All reasons (such as infection, hemorrhage) caused the mortality during the first 30 days after surgery	1 year
Secondary	The effects on postoperative pain scores	NRS method is used to evaluate the pain scores of patients (0 points to complete Painless, 10 points to the maximum pain that can be tolerated)	up to 12 months
Secondary	The effects on postoperative sleep quality scores	Using the NRS method (0 for the best quality of sleep and 10 for the worst quality of sleep)	up to one year