Postmenopausal Bleeding Clinical Trial
Official title:
Endometrial Evaluation in Cases of Postmenopausal Bleeding Using Three Dimensional Ultrasound , Power Doppler Angiography and Office Hysteroscopy in Correlation to Pathological Findings .
The aim of this prospective observational study is to evaluate abnormal uterine bleeding in postmenopausal women using 3D(dimensional) ultrasound assessment of endometrial volume .Doppler assessment of endometrium and hysteroscopy and to correlate this finding with pathological finding of endometrial biopsy
Postmenopausal bleeding (PMB) is defined as vaginal bleeding occurring after twelve months of
amenorrhoea, in a woman of the age where the menopause can be expected. Hence it does not
apply to a young woman, who has had amenorrhoea from anorexia nervosa, or a pregnancy
followed by lactation. However, it can apply to younger women following premature ovarian
failure or premature menopause, Postmenopausal bleeding is a common problem representing 5%
of all gynaecology outpatient attendances. postmenopausal bleeding is usually the first
symptom of endometrial cancer and active intervention can lead to its early detection. So,
there is need of a diagnostic tool with high accuracy for detection of endometrial pathology
in most efficient and least invasive method possible.
Endometrial sampling is the gold standard for diagnosing abnormalities in the endometrial
tissues ,however . There is a growing trend to use noninvasive procedures such as TVS, to
measure the endometrial thickness, diagnose adenomyosis, endometrial polyps .Another
important ability of 3D TVS is volume calculation using the Virtual Organ Computer-aided
AnaLysis (VOCAL) even in irregularly shaped structures. This method has been demonstrated to
be more accurate than 2D-volume estimation .
• Hysteroscopy has the advantage of directly visualizing the uterine cavity and the
endometrium, allowing biopsy to be taken immediately from the suspected abnormality.
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