Oxytocin Clinical Trial
Official title:
Influence of Oxytocin on Neurophysiological Responses to Direct and Averted Gaze
Previous research has indicated that direct eye gaze compared to averted gaze, elicits a
higher skin conductance response (SCR), and a more pronounced left frontal cortex activity
than right frontal cortex activity (resulting in positive asymmetry scores). On a behavioral
level, participants tend to look shorter at live faces with a direct gaze as compared to
averted gaze (Akechi et al., 2013). Further, subjective evaluations showed that a direct gaze
is rated more arousing and less pleasant than an averted gaze (Akechi et al., 2013; Hietanen,
Leppänen, Peltola, Linna-aho, & Ruuhiala, 2008).
Importantly, oxytocin administration increases the number of fixations and to looking time
towards the eye region during live social interaction. Further, oxytocin has been shown to
influence SCR and heart rate variability. Therefore, it is conceivable that oxytocin will not
only influence the gaze duration of the participant, but also the physiological and
neurological responses elicited by direct eye gaze.
In this study, the investigators will investigate whether oxytocin modulates the behavioural
(eye gaze and subjective ratings), neurological (EEG) and physiological (skin conductance,
heart rate and respiration) responses elicited by direct gaze.
Previous research has indicated that direct eye gaze compared to averted gaze, elicits a
higher skin conductance response (SCR), and a more pronounced left frontal cortex activity
than right frontal cortex activity (resulting in positive asymmetry scores). On a behavioral
level, participants tend to look shorter at live faces with a direct gaze as compared to
averted gaze (Akechi et al., 2013). Further, subjective evaluations showed that a direct gaze
is rated more arousing and less pleasant than an averted gaze (Akechi et al., 2013; Hietanen,
Leppänen, Peltola, Linna-aho, & Ruuhiala, 2008).
Importantly, oxytocin administration increases the number of fixations and to looking time
towards the eye region during live social interaction. Further, oxytocin has been shown to
influence SCR and heart rate variability. Therefore, it is conceivable that oxytocin will not
only influence the gaze duration of the participant, but also the physiological and
neurological responses elicited by direct eye gaze.
In this randomized, placebo controlled, double blinded study, the investigators will
investigate whether oxytocin modulates the behavioral and neurophysiological responses
elicited by direct gaze. In order to do so, the investigators will measure behavioural (eye
gaze and subjective feelings), physiological (skin conductance, blood volume pulse, and
respiration) and neurological (EEG) responses during presentations of a live person's face
with direct gaze and closed eyes, before and after oxytocin or placebo administration.
The investigators hypotheses that oxytocin attenuates the heightened SCR and pronounced EEG
asymmetry during direct gaze. Further, they expect that oxytocin increases the number of
fixations and duration of those fixations towards the eye region. Exploratory, the
investigators will also investigate whether oxytocin administration influences respiration
and the subjective reports on experience of live eye contact. Lastly (and also exploratory),
they will explore whether certain personality traits (as measured by SAAM (state adult
attachment measure) and SRS (social responsiveness scale)) influence the modulatory effect of
oxytocin on neurological and behavioural responses.
Note that this study is part of a larger study in which the investigators also register
several neurophysiological responses (blood volume pulse, respiration, heart rate, EEG, skin
conductance) during rest before and after oxytocin or placebo administration.
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