Cervantes L, Jones J, Linas S, Fischer S Qualitative Interviews Exploring Palliative Care Perspectives of Latinos on Dialysis. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2017 May 8;12(5):788-798. doi: 10.2215/CJN.10260916. Epub 2017 Apr 12.
Cervantes L, Linas S, Keniston A, Fischer S Latinos With Chronic Kidney Failure Treated by Dialysis: Understanding Their Palliative Care Perspectives. Am J Kidney Dis. 2016 Feb;67(2):344-7. doi: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2015.09.026. Epub 2015 Nov 20. No abstract available.
Cervantes L, Zoucha J, Jones J, Fischer S Experiences and Values of Latinos with End Stage Renal Disease: A Systematic Review of Qualitative Studies. Nephrol Nurs J. 2016 Nov-Dec;43(6):479-493.
Fischer SM, Cervantes L, Fink RM, Kutner JS Apoyo con Carino: a pilot randomized controlled trial of a patient navigator intervention to improve palliative care outcomes for Latinos with serious illness. J Pain Symptom Manage. 2015 Apr;49(4):657-65. doi: 10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2014.08.011. Epub 2014 Sep 18.
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
