Inflammation at Mini-screw Insertion Site — Antibiotics Prior to Mini-screw Implant Insertion
Citation(s)
Berens A, Wiechmann D & Rudiger J "L'ancrage intra-osseux en orthodontie a' l'aide de mini et de microvis." International Orthodontics (2005) 3: 235-43.
Carano A, Melsen B Implants in orthodontics. Interview. Prog Orthod. 2005;6(1):62-9. English, Italian.
Cope J "Temporary anchorage devices in orthodontics: a paradigm shift." Seminars in Orthodontics (2005)11:3-9.
Costa A, Raffainl M, Melsen B Miniscrews as orthodontic anchorage: a preliminary report. Int J Adult Orthodon Orthognath Surg. 1998;13(3):201-9.
Esposito M, Grusovin MG, Worthington HV Interventions for replacing missing teeth: antibiotics at dental implant placement to prevent complications. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2013 Jul 31;(7):CD004152. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD004152.pub4. Review.
Esposito M, Hirsch JM, Lekholm U, Thomsen P Biological factors contributing to failures of osseointegrated oral implants. (II). Etiopathogenesis. Eur J Oral Sci. 1998 Jun;106(3):721-64. Review.
Flemmig TF & Newman MG "Antimicrobials in implant dentistry." In: Newman MG, Kornman K editor. Antibiotics/antimicrobial use in dental practice. Chicago: Quintessence Publishing Co, Inc,(1990):187-200.
Freudenthaler JW, Haas R, Bantleon HP Bicortical titanium screws for critical orthodontic anchorage in the mandible: a preliminary report on clinical applications. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2001 Aug;12(4):358-63. English, French, German.
Fritz U, Ehmer A, Diedrich P Clinical suitability of titanium microscrews for orthodontic anchorage-preliminary experiences. J Orofac Orthop. 2004 Sep;65(5):410-8. English, German.
Heymann GC, Tulloch JF Implantable devices as orthodontic anchorage: a review of current treatment modalities. J Esthet Restor Dent. 2006;18(2):68-79; discussion 80. Review.
Kanomi R Mini-implant for orthodontic anchorage. J Clin Orthod. 1997 Nov;31(11):763-7.
Lee SJ, Ahn SJ, Lee JW, Kim SH, Kim TW Survival analysis of orthodontic mini-implants. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2010 Feb;137(2):194-9. doi: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2008.03.031.
Papadopoulos MA, Tarawneh F The use of miniscrew implants for temporary skeletal anchorage in orthodontics: a comprehensive review. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2007 May;103(5):e6-15. Epub 2007 Feb 21. Review.
Prophylaxis in surgery Veterans Administration Ad Hoc Interdisciplinary Advisory Committee on Antimicrobial Drug Usage. JAMA. 1977 Mar 7;237(10):1003-8.
Reynders R, Ronchi L, Bipat S Mini-implants in orthodontics: a systematic review of the literature. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2009 May;135(5):564.e1-19; discussion 564-5. doi: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2008.09.026. Review.
Roberts WE, Marshall KJ, Mozsary PG Rigid endosseous implant utilized as anchorage to protract molars and close an atrophic extraction site. Angle Orthod. 1990 Summer;60(2):135-52.
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
