Osteoporosis Clinical Trial
Official title:
A Randomised, Double Blind, Parallel Group, 12-month Comparison of a Standardized Olive Extract With Placebo in Postmenopausal Women With Decreased Bone Mineral Density
The purpose of this study is to determine whether the intake of a daily dosage of standardized olive extract provides any protection against bone loss.
Apart from estrogen deficiency, the early postmenopausal period is also characterised by an
increasing inflammatory and oxidant status, which further contributes to the development of
osteoporosis/osteopenia. The link between systemic inflammation and osteoporosis has only
been established recently as it was found that higher circulating hsCRP levels are associated
with lower bone mineral density in both healthy pre- and postmenopausal women. Furthermore,
it was already known for a long time that one of the most important cytokines implicated in
the pathogenesis of various metabolic bone diseases, including postmenopausal osteoporosis,
is interleukin (IL)-6, which is produced by osteoblasts, monocytes and T-cells.
Olive oil is the principle fat source of the traditional Mediterranean diet, a diet that has
been associated with a low incidence of some diseases, including coronary heart disease and
osteoporosis. In addition to the main ingredient (ie. oleic acid) extra virgin olive oil also
contains phenolic compounds, such as oleuropein- and ligstroside-aglycones and their
derivatives. They are formed in olives by enzymatic removal of glucose from the polar parent
compound oleuropein-glycoside. A Mediterranean diet rich in olive oil supplies 10 - 20 mg of
phenols per day.
The main metabolic attribute of oleuropein is that it exerts both antioxidant and
anti-inflammatory activity by lowering the levels of proinflammatory cytokines like IL-1,
IL-6 or TNF-alpha. By inhibiting osteoclast activity, this may result in lowering the rate of
bone resorption and, at least in part, protect against osteoporosis development.
Formulated as a capsule it is expected that the compliance and tolerability will be improved
compared to the liquid administration. The present study is designed to investigate the
effect of 250 mg of a standardized extract of olive polyphenols per day on bone loss in
postmenopausal women with decreased bone mass (osteopenia) .
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