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Clinical Trial Details — Status: Completed

Administrative data

NCT number NCT05093309
Other study ID # R36HS026669-01A1
Secondary ID
Status Completed
Phase N/A
First received
Last updated
Start date September 18, 2018
Est. completion date September 18, 2019

Study information

Verified date October 2021
Source Auburn University
Contact n/a
Is FDA regulated No
Health authority
Study type Interventional

Clinical Trial Summary

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to assess the impact of the Empowering Community Pharmacists program on pharmacists' knowledge, perceived barriers, attitudes, confidence, and intentions regarding naloxone services implementation, as well as change in number of naloxone prescriptions dispensed. Methods: A 3-month pragmatic randomized controlled trial was conducted in 2018-2019. Alabama community pharmacists were recruited by email, phone, fax, and mailed postcards and randomized to intervention (monthly resources/reminders + educational webinar) or control (monthly resources/reminders + delayed educational webinar). Outcome measures were assessed via online surveys at baseline (T1), immediately post-intervention (T2), and 3-months post-intervention (T3), including: naloxone knowledge (percent correct); perceived barriers, attitudes, and confidence regarding naloxone services implementation (7-point Likert-type scale, 1=strongly disagree to 7=strongly agree); and number of naloxone prescriptions dispensed. Mean differences between control and intervention groups from T1-T3 were assessed using two-way mixed ANOVA and adjusted analyses were conducted using generalized estimating equations (GEE) with negative binomial distribution (alpha=0.05).


Recruitment information / eligibility

Status Completed
Enrollment 55
Est. completion date September 18, 2019
Est. primary completion date September 18, 2019
Accepts healthy volunteers Accepts Healthy Volunteers
Gender All
Age group 18 Years and older
Eligibility Inclusion Criteria: - Registered pharmacists. - Employed at least 30 hours per week at a community pharmacy. - Employed at a community pharmacy located in one of 20 Alabama priority counties with the highest opioid overdose mortality rates. Exclusion Criteria: - Multiple pharmacists from the same pharmacy site. - Members of the stakeholder panel (from the formative phase of the study).

Study Design


Related Conditions & MeSH terms


Intervention

Behavioral:
Educational Webinar
At month 1 of the study period, the educational webinar was presented by expert speakers and consisted of 3 modules: 1) naloxone basics; 2) naloxone service implementation strategies; and 3) naloxone recommendation communication strategies. Participants were mailed naloxone nasal spray and auto-injector training devices prior to attending the online webinar so that they could follow along during demonstrations.
Resources
After completing the baseline survey, both control and intervention groups were provided with a basic publicly available flyer about naloxone dosage forms in order to ensure all participants could provide adequate patient care.
Reminders
Reminders consisted of monthly emails from investigators for the purpose of retaining study engagement.

Locations

Country Name City State
United States Auburn University Harrison School of Pharmacy Auburn Alabama

Sponsors (2)

Lead Sponsor Collaborator
Auburn University Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ)

Country where clinical trial is conducted

United States, 

Outcome

Type Measure Description Time frame Safety issue
Primary Change in naloxone knowledge from baseline to immediately post-intervention and 3 months post-intervention Knowledge about naloxone was measured via online survey. Knowledge was measured as percent correct on a 7-item index adapted from Williams' (2013) Opioid Overdose Knowledge Scale (OOKS). 3 months: baseline (T1), immediately post-intervention (T2), and 3 months post-intervention (T3)
Primary Change in perceived barriers from baseline to immediately post-intervention and 3 months post-intervention Perceived barriers to adoption/implementation of pharmacy-based naloxone services was measured via online survey. Barriers (20-items) were measured using 7-point Likert-type scales (1=strongly disagree, 7=strongly agree) and informed by Nielsen et al (2016) and Williams' (2013) Opioid Overdose Attitude Scale (OOAS). 3 months: baseline (T1), immediately post-intervention (T2), and 3 months post-intervention (T3)
Primary Change in attitudes from baseline to immediately post-intervention and 3 months post-intervention Attitudes regarding pharmacy-based naloxone services was measured via online survey. Attitudes (15-items) were measured using 7-point Likert-type scales (1=strongly disagree, 7=strongly agree) and informed by Nielsen et al (2016) and Williams' (2013) Opioid Overdose Attitude Scale (OOAS). 3 months: baseline (T1), immediately post-intervention (T2), and 3 months post-intervention (T3)
Primary Change in confidence from baseline to immediately post-intervention and 3 months post-intervention Confidence in performing naloxone dispensing behaviors was measured via online survey. Confidence (10-items) was measured using 7-point Likert-type scales (1=strongly disagree, 7=strongly agree) and informed by Nielsen et al (2016) and Williams' (2013) Opioid Overdose Attitude Scale (OOAS). 3 months: baseline (T1), immediately post-intervention (T2), and 3 months post-intervention (T3)
Primary Change in intention from baseline to immediately post-intervention and 3 months post-intervention Intention to dispense naloxone or perform naloxone services in the next three months was measured via online survey. The 5-item intention construct was measured using a 7-point Likert-type scale from 1=strongly disagree to 7=strongly agree and informed by an existing intention measure by Urmie et al (2007). 3 months: baseline (T1), immediately post-intervention (T2), and 3 months post-intervention (T3)
Secondary Change in number of naloxone prescriptions dispensed from baseline to 3 months post-intervention The number of naloxone prescriptions dispensed over 3 months before and after the intervention was assessed via self-report at T1 and T3. Participants utilized national drug codes (NDCs) within their pharmacy dispensing software to identify naloxone dispensing information. 3 months: baseline (T1) and 3 months post-intervention (T3)
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