Ultrasound Guided Radiofrequency Ablation of Proximal Greater Occipital Nerve in Primary Occipital Neuralgia

Occipital Neuralgia Clinical Trial

— PGON-RFA  

Official title:

Retrospective Cohort Study For One Year Follow-up: Ultrasound Guided Radiofrequency Ablation of Proximal Greater Occipital Nerve is Effective

Clinical Trial Details — Status: Completed

Administrative data

• NCT number: NCT06458179
• Other study ID #: Occipital neuralgia
• Status: Completed
• Start date: January 1, 2022
• Est. completion date: April 30, 2023

Study information

• Verified date: June 2024
• Source: Mersin Training and Research Hospital
• Contact: n/a
• Is FDA regulated: No
• Study type: Observational

Clinical Trial Summary

The International Headache Society (IHS) defines occipital neuralgia, as a unilateral or bilateral paroxysmal, shooting, or stabbing pain in the posterior region of the scalp, in the distribution of the greater occipital nerve (GON), lesser occipital nerve (LON), or third occipital nerve (TON). The condition is occasionally accompanied by diminished sensation or dysesthesia in the affected area and is frequently associated with tenderness over the involved nerves. The majority of cases with occipital neuralgia are idiopathic, with no clearly defined anatomical cause. First, conservative treatment approaches including medication and physical therapy are frequently used. When conservative measures fail to alleviate occipital neuralgia, interventional treatments such as local occipital nerve anesthetic and corticosteroid infiltration, botulinum toxin A injection, occipital nerve subcutaneous neurostimulation or occipital nerve radifrequency treatment may be used.

Description:

Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is a thermal ablative procedure commonly used to treat chronic neurogenic pain by targeting peripheral nerves or dorsal root ganglion by destructing the tissue at a temperature ranging beteen 60-80 C. The pain is interrupted by destructing the nerve with Wallerian dejeneration. The pain interruption period is longer and stronger than pulsed radiofrequency. GON is a pure sensory nerve, RFA may be an alternative therapy option for occipital neuralgia. By ultrasound (US) guidance, at C2 level , GON lies between semispinalis capitis muscle and inferior oblique muscle. The GON is well identified here and can be easily targeted rather than trying to identify the terminal subcutaneous branches at the nuchal line. Diagnostic blockade was administered to patients who did not respond to conventional therapy. If the response to diagnostic blockade was greater than 50%, RFA was instituted one week later. Patients' headache intensity was measured using the Numeric Rating Scale-11 Pain Score (NRS) at each appointment (pre-intervention, 1-3-6, and 12 months post-intervention). At each appointment, an evaluation of headache disability was conducted using the Headache Impact Test (Hit-6) and the number of headache days per month. The efficacy of the treatment was defined as NRS<4 at the twelveth month. During the initial evaluation, patients' demographic details and headache symptoms were thoroughly questioned. In accordance with the Turkish National Headache and Pain Research Association's recommendation, patients were asked to keep up headache diaries for the duration of the treatment and all subsequent appointments. The headache intensity, headache disability and the number of headache days in a month, as well as the use of rescue medication, including NSAIDs and paracethamol, were determined from the diaries and discussed with the patient at each session.

Recruitment information / eligibility

• Status: Completed
• Enrollment: 18
• Est. completion date: April 30, 2023
• Est. primary completion date: April 29, 2023
• Gender: All
• Age group: 18 Years and older

Eligibility

Inclusion Criteria:

• Patients with unilateral primary occipital neuralgia

Exclusion Criteria:

• Patients lacking documentation or inadequate follow-up
• Patients whom taking analgesic medication during the follow-up period
• Bilateral occipital neuralgia
• Secondary occipital neuralgia (e.g., cervical radiculopathy, infection, tumor, vascular compression of nerve, musculoskeletal diseases like C1-2 arthrosis)
• Other primary headaches
• Dermatitis or skin infections
• Pacemaker

Related Conditions & MeSH terms

• Neuralgia
• Occipital Neuralgia

Intervention

Procedure:
• Ultrasound-guided proximal greater occipital nerve radiofrequency ablation
In the prone position with the head slightly flexed and the US probe was placed in the neck transversely and then was located the bifid spinous process of C2 and the probe was lateralized (toward the affected side). At this level, the GON is located above the obliquus capitis inferior muscle and deeper than the semispinalis capitis muscle. The in-plane approach from medial to lateral was employed to treat the nerve with a 21 G 5-mm active tip radiofrequency needle. Sensory stimulation was administered at 50 Hz for 1 ms to induce paresthesia, pain, or irritation. A motor stimulus was applied at 2 Hz for 1 ms and up to 2 volts to see if fasciculation was absent. Then 1 mL of 2% lidocaine was administered through the RF cannulas to alleviate procedure related pain. Conventional RFA was conducted for 60 seconds at a temperature of 60 degrees. Following the procedure, 2 mg of dexamethasone was administered per lesion site.

Locations

Country	Name	City	State
Turkey	Mersin Training and Research Hospital	Mersin

Sponsors (1)

Lead Sponsor	Collaborator
Mersin Training and Research Hospital

Country where clinical trial is conducted

Turkey, 

Outcome

Type	Measure	Description	Time frame	Safety issue
Primary	NRS	Numerical rating scale (NRS) are psychometric measuring instruments designed to document the characteristics of disease-related symptom severity in individual patients and use this to achieve a rapid (statistically measurable and reproducible) classification of symptom severity and disease control.	Change from Baseline VAS at 1,3, 6 and 12 months
Secondary	Headache impact disability index (HIT-6)	These responses are summed to produce a total HIT-6 score that ranges from 36 to 78, where a higher score indicates a greater impact of headache on the daily life of the respondent. Scores can be interpreted using four groupings that indicate the severity of headache impact on the patient's life.	Change from Baseline VAS at 1,3, 6 and 12 months