Nutrition Clinical Trial
Official title:
Mastication Involvement in Postprandial Thermogenesis Via Autonomic Nervous System Activation in Normal Weight and Obese People
The objective of the study is to analyze the specific role of physical properties of food and
mastication in the cephalic phase reflex of thermogenesis, and the involvement of the
autonomic nervous system in the implementation of this reflex.
The hypothesis of the study is that oral stimulation elicited by food properties during
mastication can generate changes in the amplitude of variation of thermogenesis, and that
these changes are distinct from those attributable to the thermal effect of food during
digestion.
A group of 12 subjects presenting a normal weight and a group of 12 obese subjects, with a
good general health and a good dental state will be constituted. They will participate to 5
different recording sessions during which they will be invited to chew and spit out foods and
chewing gums of different hardness. During recording sessions with mastication and
no-mastication periods, gas exchange (O2 concentration), cardiac activity
(electrocardiography) and muscular activity of masticatory muscles (electromyography) will be
recorded. Blood samples will be collected during one of the sessions to analyse the kinetic
of appearance of some hormones in the blood compartment during or just after mastication. The
selected hormones are involved in the eating behaviour and its regulation (ghrelin, peptide
C, peptide YY and glucose-like peptide 1). From these recordings, energy expenditure, heart
rate variability, intensity of masticatory muscle contraction, and hormone blood appearance
will be analysed in link with the nature and hardness of the food chewed. Since the food
bolus is spit out after mastication (without any swallowing = sham-feeding), the changes
observed in theses variables will be directly attributed to sensory information coming from
oral cavity during mastication. Food choice and sport activity of each volunteer will be
taken into account to compare the results obtained for the two groups (normal weight and
obese).
The work will produce more data and evidence on the contribution of oral signals attributable
to the food in the regulation of the energy balance. The results will also bring more
knowledge on the involvement of the autonomic nervous system. Comparison of the results
obtained for the two groups (normal weight and obese people), will bring some positive
outcomes which could be useful in the fight against obesity.
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