A Study of the Drugs Selumetinib Versus Carboplatin/Vincristine in Patients With Neurofibromatosis and Low-Grade Glioma

Neurofibromatosis Type 1 Clinical Trial

Official title:

A Phase 3 Randomized Study of Selumetinib Versus Carboplatin/Vincristine in Newly Diagnosed or Previously Untreated Neurofibromatosis Type 1 (NF1) Associated Low-Grade Glioma (LGG)

Clinical Trial Details — Status: Recruiting

Administrative data

• NCT number: NCT03871257
• Other study ID #: NCI-2019-01396
• Secondary ID: NCI-2019-01396AC
• Status: Recruiting
• Phase: Phase 3
• Start date: January 15, 2020
• Est. completion date: May 1, 2027

Study information

• Verified date: March 2024
• Source: National Cancer Institute (NCI)
• Contact: n/a
• Is FDA regulated: No
• Study type: Interventional

Clinical Trial Summary

This phase III trial studies if selumetinib works just as well as the standard treatment with carboplatin/vincristine (CV) for subjects with NF1-associated low grade glioma (LGG), and to see if selumetinib is better than CV in improving vision in subjects with LGG of the optic pathway (vision nerves). Selumetinib is a drug that works by blocking some enzymes that low-grade glioma tumor cells need for their growth. This results in killing tumor cells. Drugs used as chemotherapy, such as carboplatin and vincristine, work in different ways to stop the growth of tumor cells, either by killing the cells, by stopping them from dividing, or by stopping them from spreading. It is not yet known whether selumetinib works better in treating patients with NF1-associated low-grade glioma compared to standard therapy with carboplatin and vincristine.

Description:

PRIMARY OBJECTIVES:

I. To determine whether the efficacy of treatment with selumetinib sulfate (selumetinib) as measured by event-free survival (EFS) is non-inferior to treatment with carboplatin/vincristine sulfate (vincristine) (CV) in previously untreated neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1)-associated low-grade glioma (LGG).

II. To determine whether visual acuity (VA) using Teller acuity cards (TAC), in patients with NF1-associated LGG within the optic pathway, is better in those treated with selumetinib compared to CV.

SECONDARY OBJECTIVES:

I. To estimate tumor response rates and overall survival (OS) in each treatment regimen in previously untreated NF1-associated LGG.

II. To evaluate VA outcomes utilizing HOTV letter acuity testing in previously untreated NF1-associated LGG within the optic pathway in patients who are old enough to perform visual acuity testing utilizing HOTV (a recognition acuity measure).

III. To describe the improvement in motor function as measured by the Vineland scale in patients with previously untreated NF1-associated LGG that have documented motor deficits at enrollment.

IV. To prospectively evaluate and compare the quality of life among patients treated with selumetinib or CV.

V. To prospectively evaluate and compare the cognitive, social, emotional, and behavioral functioning of patients with NF1-associated LGG treated with either selumetinib or CV.

EXPLORATORY OBJECTIVES:

I. To evaluate optical coherence tomography (OCT) measures of retinal axon and ganglion cell thickness as a marker of treatment response in previously untreated NF1-associated LGG within the optic pathway.

II. To compare novel, semi-automated volumetric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) measures to traditional measurements of treatment response (bi-dimensional MRI measurements) in NF1-associated optic pathway tumors.

III. To obtain paired blood and tumor tissue to be banked for future NF1-LGG biology studies involving comprehensive molecular analysis, including but not limited to whole exome and ribonucleic acid (RNA) sequencing.

OUTLINE: Patients are randomized to 1 of 2 arms.

ARM I:

INDUCTION: Patients receive carboplatin intravenously (IV) over 60 minutes on days 1, 8, 15, 22, 43, 50, 57, and 64 and vincristine IV or IV push over 1 minute on days 1, 8, 15, 22, 29, 36, 43, 50, 57, and 64 in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Patients also undergo MRI during screening and on study.

MAINTENANCE: Patients receive carboplatin IV over 60 minutes on days 1, 8, 15, and 22 and vincristine IV or IV push over 1 minute on days 1, 8, and 15. Treatment repeats every 6 weeks for 8 cycles in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Patients also undergo MRI on study and during follow-up.

ARM II: Patients receive selumetinib sulfate orally (PO) twice daily (BID) on days 1-28. Treatment is continuous and repeats every 28 days for 27 cycles in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Patients also undergo MRI throughout the trial.

After completion of study treatment, patients are followed up with MRIs and physical exams every 3 months for 1 year, every 6 months for 2 years, and then once yearly for up to 10 years.

Recruitment information / eligibility

• Status: Recruiting
• Enrollment: 290
• Est. completion date: May 1, 2027
• Est. primary completion date: May 1, 2027
• Accepts healthy volunteers: No
• Gender: All
• Age group: 2 Years to 21 Years

Eligibility

Inclusion Criteria:

• Patients must be >= 2 years and =< 21 years at the time of enrollment

• Patients must have a body surface area (BSA) of >= 0.5 m^2 at enrollment

• Patients must have neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) based on clinical criteria and/or germline genetic testing

• Patients must be newly diagnosed or have previously diagnosed NF-1 associated LGG that has not been treated with any modality other than surgery

• For patients with optic pathway gliomas (OPGs):

• Newly-diagnosed patients with OPG are eligible if there are neurologic symptoms (including visual dysfunction, as defined below) or other exam findings associated with the tumor

• Previously-diagnosed patients with OPG are eligible if they have new or worsening neurologic symptoms (including visual dysfunction, as defined below) or have tumor growth

• For both newly-diagnosed and previously-diagnosed OPG, the patient may be eligible, irrespective of whether there has been tumor growth or other neurological symptoms or worsening, if they meet at least one of the following visual criteria:

• Visual worsening, defined as worsening of visual acuity (VA) or visual fields (VF) documented within the past year (by examination or history); OR

• Significant visual dysfunction (defined as VA worse than normal for age by 0.6 logMAR [20/80, 6/24, or 2.5/10] or more in one or both eyes)

• For patients with LGG in other locations (i.e., not OPGs):

• Newly-diagnosed patients with LGG are eligible if there are neurologic symptoms or other exam findings associated with the tumor

• NOTE: Newly-diagnosed patients with LGG without associated neurologic symptoms or exam findings are not eligible

• Previously-diagnosed patients with LGG are eligible if they have new or worsening neurologic symptoms or have tumor growth

• Although not required, if a biopsy/tumor resection is performed, eligible histologies will include all tumors considered LGG or low-grade astrocytoma (World Health Organization [WHO] grade I and II) by 5th edition WHO classification of central nervous system (CNS) tumors with the exception of subependymal giant cell astrocytoma

• Patients must have two-dimensional measurable tumor >= 1 cm^2

• Patients with metastatic disease or multiple independent primary LGGs are allowed on study

• Creatinine clearance or radioisotope glomerular filtration Rate (GFR) >= 70 mL/min/1.73 m^2 OR a serum creatinine based on age/gender (within 7 days prior to enrollment) as follows:

• Age; maximum serum creatinine (mg/dL)

• 2 to < 6 years; 0.8 (male) and 0.8 (female)

• 6 to < 10 years; 1 (male) and 1 (female)

• 10 to < 13 years; 1.2 (male) and 1.2 (female)

• 13 to < 16 years; 1.5 (male) and 1.4 (female)

• >= 16 years; 1.7 (male) and 1.4 (female)

• Total bilirubin =< 1.5 x upper limit of normal (ULN) for age (within 7 days prior to enrollment) (children with a diagnosis of Gilbert's syndrome will be allowed on study regardless of their total and indirect [unconjugated] bilirubin levels as long as their direct [conjugated] bilirubin is < 3.1 mg/dL)

• Serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT) (alanine aminotransferase [ALT]) =< 3 x upper limit of normal (ULN) = 135 U/L (within 7 days prior to enrollment). For the purpose of this study, the ULN for SGPT is 45 U/L

• Albumin >= 2 g/dL (within 7 days prior to enrollment)

• Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) >= 53% (or institutional normal; if the LVEF result is given as a range of values, then the upper value of the range will be used) by echocardiogram (within 4 weeks prior to enrollment)

• Corrected QT (QTc) interval =< 450 msec by electrocardiography (EKG) (within 4 weeks prior to enrollment)

• Absolute neutrophil count >= 1,000/uL (unsupported) (within 7 days prior to enrollment)

• Platelets >= 100,000/uL (unsupported) (within 7 days prior to enrollment)

• Hemoglobin >= 8 g/dL (may be supported) (within 7 days prior to enrollment)

• Patients with a known seizure disorder should be stable and should have not experienced a significant increase in seizure frequency within 2 weeks prior to enrollment

• Patients 2-17 years of age must have a blood pressure that is =< 95th percentile for age, height, and gender at the time of enrollment. Patients >= 18 years of age must have a blood pressure =< 130/80 mmHg at the time of enrollment (with or without the use of antihypertensive medications).

• Note: Adequate blood pressure can be achieved using medication for the treatment of hypertension

• All patients must have ophthalmology toxicity assessments performed within 4 weeks prior to enrollment

• For all patients, an MRI of the brain (with orbital cuts for optic pathway tumors) and/or spine (depending on the site(s) of primary disease) with and without contrast must be performed within 4 weeks prior to enrollment

• For patients who undergo a surgery on the target tumor (not required), a pre- and post-operative* MRI of the brain (with orbital cuts for optic pathway tumors) or spine (depending on the site(s) of primary disease) with and without contrast must also be performed within 4 weeks prior to enrollment

• The post-operative MRIs should be performed ideally within 48 hours after surgery if possible

• Patients must have a performance status corresponding to Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) scores of 0, 1, or 2. Use Karnofsky for patients > 16 years of age and Lansky for patients =< 16 years of age

• Patients must have the ability to swallow whole capsules

• Patients must have receptive and expressive language skills in English or Spanish to complete the quality of life (QOL) and neurocognitive assessments

• All patients and/or their parents or legal guardians must sign a written informed consent.

• All institutional, Food and Drug Administration (FDA), and National Cancer Institute (NCI) requirements for human studies must be met.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Patients must not have received any prior tumor-directed therapy including chemotherapy, radiation therapy, immunotherapy, or bone marrow transplant. Prior surgical intervention is permitted

• Patients with a concurrent malignancy or history of treatment (other than surgery) for another tumor within the last year are ineligible

• Patients may not be receiving any other investigational agents

• Patients with any serious medical or psychiatric illness/ condition, including substance use disorders likely in the judgement of the investigator to interfere or limit compliance with study requirements/treatment are not eligible

• Patients who, in the opinion of the investigator, are not able to comply with the study procedures are not eligible

• Female patients who are pregnant are not eligible since fetal toxicities and teratogenic effects have been noted for several of the study drugs. A pregnancy test is required for female patients of childbearing potential

• Lactating females who plan to breastfeed their infants are not eligible

• Sexually active patients of reproductive potential who have not agreed to use an effective contraceptive method for the duration of their study participation and for 12 weeks after stopping study therapy are not eligible

• Note: Women of child-bearing potential and males with sexual partners who are pregnant or who could become pregnant (i.e., women of child-bearing potential) should use effective methods of contraception for the duration of the study and for 12 weeks after stopping study therapy to avoid pregnancy and/or potential adverse effects on the developing embryo

• Cardiac conditions:

• Known genetic disorder that increases risk for coronary artery disease. Note: The presence of dyslipidemia in a family with a history of myocardial infarction is not in itself an exclusion unless there is a known genetic disorder documented

• Symptomatic heart failure

• New York Heart Association (NYHA) class II-IV prior or current cardiomyopathy

• Severe valvular heart disease

• History of atrial fibrillation

• Ophthalmologic conditions:

• Current or past history of central serous retinopathy

• Current or past history of retinal vein occlusion or retinal detachment

• Patients with uncontrolled glaucoma

• If checking pressure is clinically indicated, patients with intraocular pressure (IOP) > 22 mmHg or ULN adjusted by age are not eligible

• Ophthalmological findings secondary to long-standing optic pathway glioma (such as visual loss, optic nerve pallor, or strabismus) or longstanding orbito-temporal plexiform neurofibroma (PN), such as visual loss, strabismus) will NOT be considered a significant abnormality for the purposes of the study

• Treatments and/or medications patient is receiving that would make her/him ineligible, such as:

• Supplementation with vitamin E greater than 100% of the daily recommended dose. Any multivitamin containing vitamin E must be stopped prior to study enrollment even if less than 100% of the daily recommended dosing for vitamin E

• Surgery within 2 weeks prior to enrollment, with the exception of surgical placement for vascular access or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) diverting procedures such as endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV) and ventriculo-peritoneal (VP) shunt.

• Note: Patients must have healed from any prior surgery prior to enrollment

• Patients who have an uncontrolled infection are not eligible

Related Conditions & MeSH terms

• Glioma
• Low Grade Glioma
• Neurofibroma
• Neurofibromatoses
• Neurofibromatosis 1
• Neurofibromatosis Type 1
• Visual Pathway Glioma

Intervention

Drug:
• Carboplatin
Given IV

Procedure:
• Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Undergo MRI

Other:
• Quality-of-Life Assessment
Ancillary studies
• Questionnaire Administration
Ancillary studies

Drug:
• Selumetinib Sulfate
Given PO
• Vincristine Sulfate
Given IV or IV push

Locations

Country	Name	City	State
Canada	IWK Health Centre	Halifax	Nova Scotia
Canada	Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine	Montreal	Quebec
Canada	The Montreal Children's Hospital of the MUHC	Montreal	Quebec
Canada	Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke-Fleurimont	Sherbrooke	Quebec
Canada	Hospital for Sick Children	Toronto	Ontario
Puerto Rico	HIMA San Pablo Oncologic Hospital	Caguas
United States	Children's Hospital Medical Center of Akron	Akron	Ohio
United States	Albany Medical Center	Albany	New York
United States	Presbyterian Hospital	Albuquerque	New Mexico
United States	University of New Mexico Cancer Center	Albuquerque	New Mexico
United States	C S Mott Children's Hospital	Ann Arbor	Michigan
United States	Children's Healthcare of Atlanta - Egleston	Atlanta	Georgia
United States	Children's Hospital Colorado	Aurora	Colorado
United States	Dell Children's Medical Center of Central Texas	Austin	Texas
United States	Johns Hopkins University/Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center	Baltimore	Maryland
United States	Eastern Maine Medical Center	Bangor	Maine
United States	Walter Reed National Military Medical Center	Bethesda	Maryland
United States	Children's Hospital of Alabama	Birmingham	Alabama
United States	Saint Luke's Cancer Institute - Boise	Boise	Idaho
United States	Dana-Farber Cancer Institute	Boston	Massachusetts
United States	Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center	Boston	Massachusetts
United States	Roswell Park Cancer Institute	Buffalo	New York
United States	University of Vermont and State Agricultural College	Burlington	Vermont
United States	UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center	Chapel Hill	North Carolina
United States	Medical University of South Carolina	Charleston	South Carolina
United States	Carolinas Medical Center/Levine Cancer Institute	Charlotte	North Carolina
United States	Lurie Children's Hospital-Chicago	Chicago	Illinois
United States	University of Chicago Comprehensive Cancer Center	Chicago	Illinois
United States	University of Illinois	Chicago	Illinois
United States	Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center	Cincinnati	Ohio
United States	Rainbow Babies and Childrens Hospital	Cleveland	Ohio
United States	Columbia Regional	Columbia	Missouri
United States	Prisma Health Richland Hospital	Columbia	South Carolina
United States	Nationwide Children's Hospital	Columbus	Ohio
United States	UT Southwestern/Simmons Cancer Center-Dallas	Dallas	Texas
United States	Geisinger Medical Center	Danville	Pennsylvania
United States	Dayton Children's Hospital	Dayton	Ohio
United States	Blank Children's Hospital	Des Moines	Iowa
United States	Children's Hospital of Michigan	Detroit	Michigan
United States	Wayne State University/Karmanos Cancer Institute	Detroit	Michigan
United States	Duke University Medical Center	Durham	North Carolina
United States	El Paso Children's Hospital	El Paso	Texas
United States	Sanford Broadway Medical Center	Fargo	North Dakota
United States	Cook Children's Medical Center	Fort Worth	Texas
United States	University of Florida Health Science Center - Gainesville	Gainesville	Florida
United States	Corewell Health Grand Rapids Hospitals - Helen DeVos Children's Hospital	Grand Rapids	Michigan
United States	BI-LO Charities Children's Cancer Center	Greenville	South Carolina
United States	East Carolina University	Greenville	North Carolina
United States	Connecticut Children's Medical Center	Hartford	Connecticut
United States	Penn State Children's Hospital	Hershey	Pennsylvania
United States	Memorial Regional Hospital/Joe DiMaggio Children's Hospital	Hollywood	Florida
United States	Kapiolani Medical Center for Women and Children	Honolulu	Hawaii
United States	Baylor College of Medicine/Dan L Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center	Houston	Texas
United States	M D Anderson Cancer Center	Houston	Texas
United States	Ascension Saint Vincent Indianapolis Hospital	Indianapolis	Indiana
United States	Riley Hospital for Children	Indianapolis	Indiana
United States	University of Iowa/Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center	Iowa City	Iowa
United States	University of Mississippi Medical Center	Jackson	Mississippi
United States	Nemours Children's Clinic-Jacksonville	Jacksonville	Florida
United States	Children's Mercy Hospitals and Clinics	Kansas City	Missouri
United States	East Tennessee Childrens Hospital	Knoxville	Tennessee
United States	Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center/Dartmouth Cancer Center	Lebanon	New Hampshire
United States	University of Kentucky/Markey Cancer Center	Lexington	Kentucky
United States	Arkansas Children's Hospital	Little Rock	Arkansas
United States	Loma Linda University Medical Center	Loma Linda	California
United States	Children's Hospital Los Angeles	Los Angeles	California
United States	Norton Children's Hospital	Louisville	Kentucky
United States	Covenant Children's Hospital	Lubbock	Texas
United States	UMC Cancer Center / UMC Health System	Lubbock	Texas
United States	University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center - University Hospital	Madison	Wisconsin
United States	Saint Jude Children's Research Hospital	Memphis	Tennessee
United States	Banner Children's at Desert	Mesa	Arizona
United States	Nicklaus Children's Hospital	Miami	Florida
United States	Children's Hospital of Wisconsin	Milwaukee	Wisconsin
United States	Children's Hospitals and Clinics of Minnesota - Minneapolis	Minneapolis	Minnesota
United States	University of Minnesota/Masonic Cancer Center	Minneapolis	Minnesota
United States	Morristown Medical Center	Morristown	New Jersey
United States	Vanderbilt University/Ingram Cancer Center	Nashville	Tennessee
United States	Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey-Robert Wood Johnson University Hospital	New Brunswick	New Jersey
United States	Yale University	New Haven	Connecticut
United States	The Steven and Alexandra Cohen Children's Medical Center of New York	New Hyde Park	New York
United States	Children's Hospital New Orleans	New Orleans	Louisiana
United States	Ochsner Medical Center Jefferson	New Orleans	Louisiana
United States	Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center at NYU Langone	New York	New York
United States	Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center	New York	New York
United States	Children's Hospital of The King's Daughters	Norfolk	Virginia
United States	Kaiser Permanente-Oakland	Oakland	California
United States	University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center	Oklahoma City	Oklahoma
United States	Children's Hospital and Medical Center of Omaha	Omaha	Nebraska
United States	University of Nebraska Medical Center	Omaha	Nebraska
United States	Children's Hospital of Orange County	Orange	California
United States	AdventHealth Orlando	Orlando	Florida
United States	Arnold Palmer Hospital for Children	Orlando	Florida
United States	Nemours Children's Hospital	Orlando	Florida
United States	Lucile Packard Children's Hospital Stanford University	Palo Alto	California
United States	Sacred Heart Hospital	Pensacola	Florida
United States	Children's Hospital of Philadelphia	Philadelphia	Pennsylvania
United States	Saint Christopher's Hospital for Children	Philadelphia	Pennsylvania
United States	Phoenix Childrens Hospital	Phoenix	Arizona
United States	Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC	Pittsburgh	Pennsylvania
United States	Legacy Emanuel Children's Hospital	Portland	Oregon
United States	Oregon Health and Science University	Portland	Oregon
United States	Rhode Island Hospital	Providence	Rhode Island
United States	Virginia Commonwealth University/Massey Cancer Center	Richmond	Virginia
United States	Mayo Clinic in Rochester	Rochester	Minnesota
United States	University of Rochester	Rochester	New York
United States	Beaumont Children's Hospital-Royal Oak	Royal Oak	Michigan
United States	Cardinal Glennon Children's Medical Center	Saint Louis	Missouri
United States	Washington University School of Medicine	Saint Louis	Missouri
United States	Johns Hopkins All Children's Hospital	Saint Petersburg	Florida
United States	Primary Children's Hospital	Salt Lake City	Utah
United States	Children's Hospital of San Antonio	San Antonio	Texas
United States	Methodist Children's Hospital of South Texas	San Antonio	Texas
United States	University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio	San Antonio	Texas
United States	Naval Medical Center -San Diego	San Diego	California
United States	Rady Children's Hospital - San Diego	San Diego	California
United States	UCSF Medical Center-Mission Bay	San Francisco	California
United States	Maine Children's Cancer Program	Scarborough	Maine
United States	Seattle Children's Hospital	Seattle	Washington
United States	Providence Sacred Heart Medical Center and Children's Hospital	Spokane	Washington
United States	Southern Illinois University School of Medicine	Springfield	Illinois
United States	State University of New York Upstate Medical University	Syracuse	New York
United States	Madigan Army Medical Center	Tacoma	Washington
United States	Mary Bridge Children's Hospital and Health Center	Tacoma	Washington
United States	New York Medical College	Valhalla	New York
United States	Children's National Medical Center	Washington	District of Columbia
United States	Alfred I duPont Hospital for Children	Wilmington	Delaware
United States	Wake Forest University Health Sciences	Winston-Salem	North Carolina

Sponsors (1)

Lead Sponsor	Collaborator
National Cancer Institute (NCI)

Countries where clinical trial is conducted

United States,  Canada,  Puerto Rico, 

Outcome

Type	Measure	Description	Time frame	Safety issue
Other	Change in circumpapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (cpRNFL) thickness by treatment arm	cpRNFL thickness is a measure of optical coherence tomography (OCT). This assessment will be conducted in a subgroup of consenting patients with optic pathway gliomas (OPGs) treated at select COG institutions with the expertise to utilize this technology. Analysis will be conducted on a per-eye basis.	Baseline and 12 months
Other	cpRNFL thickness at baseline by visual acuity (VA) treatment response	Data will be analyzed on a per-eye basis. Children with OPGs will be classified into decline in VA versus (vs.) stable/improved VA, depending on VA treatment response at 12 months. cpRNFL thickness prior to treatment initiation will be compared.	Baseline and 12 months
Other	cpRNFL thickness change over time by visual acuity (VA) treatment response	Data will be analyzed on a per-eye basis. Children with OPGs will be classified into decline in VA vs. stable/improved VA, depending on VA treatment response at 12 months. cpRNFL thickness change over time will be compared.	Baseline and 12 months
Other	Change in macular ganglion cell - inner plexiform layer (GCIPL) thickness by treatment arm	GCIPL thickness is another measure of optical coherence tomography (OCT). This assessment will be conducted in a subgroup of consenting patients with optic pathway gliomas (OPGs) treated at select COG institutions with the expertise to utilize this technology. Analysis will be conducted on a per-eye basis.	Baseline and 12 months
Other	GCIPL thickness at baseline by visual acuity (VA) treatment response	Data will be analyzed on a per-eye basis. Children with OPGs will be classified into decline in VA vs. stable/improved VA, depending on VA treatment response at 12 months. GCIPL thickness prior to treatment initiation will be compared.	Baseline and 12 months
Other	GCIPL thickness change over time by visual acuity (VA) treatment response	Data will be analyzed on a per-eye basis. Children with OPGs will be classified into decline in VA vs. stable/improved VA, depending on VA treatment response at 12 months. GCIPL thickness change over time will be compared.	Baseline and 12 months
Other	Novel semi-automated volumetric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) measure at 3 months	Optic pathway tumors will be classified into progressive disease (PD), stable disease (SD), partial response (PR), and complete response (CR) using novel semi-automated volumetric MRI measurements. This assessment will include patients with OPGs consenting to volumetric MRI study.	3 months on study
Other	Percent change in tumor size between volumetric measure and traditional 2-dimentional (2-D) measure at 3 months	This assessment includes participants with OPGs consenting to volumetric MRI study.	3 months on study
Other	Novel semi-automated volumetric MRI measure at 6 months	Optic pathway tumors will be classified into progressive disease (PD), stable disease (SD), partial response (PR), and complete response (CR) using novel semi-automated volumetric MRI measurements. This assessment will include patients with OPGs consenting to volumetric MRI study.	6 months on study
Other	Percent change in tumor size between volumetric measure and traditional 2-dimentional (2-D) measure at 6 months	This assessment includes participants with OPGs consenting to volumetric MRI study.	6 months on study
Other	Novel semi-automated volumetric MRI measure at 9 months	Optic pathway tumors will be classified into progressive disease (PD), stable disease (SD), partial response (PR), and complete response (CR) using novel semi-automated volumetric MRI measurements. This assessment will include patients with OPGs consenting to volumetric MRI study.	9 months on study
Other	Percent change in tumor size between volumetric measure and traditional 2-dimentional (2-D) measure at 9 months	This assessment includes participants with OPGs consenting to volumetric MRI study.	9 months on study
Other	Novel semi-automated volumetric MRI measure at 12 months	Optic pathway tumors will be classified into progressive disease (PD), stable disease (SD), partial response (PR), and complete response (CR) using novel semi-automated volumetric MRI measurements. This assessment will include patients with OPGs consenting to volumetric MRI study.	12 months on study
Other	Percent change in tumor size between volumetric measure and traditional 2-dimentional (2-D) measure at 12 months	This assessment includes participants with OPGs consenting to volumetric MRI study.	12 months on study
Other	Novel semi-automated volumetric MRI measure at 15 months	Optic pathway tumors will be classified into progressive disease (PD), stable disease (SD), partial response (PR), and complete response (CR) using novel semi-automated volumetric MRI measurements. This assessment will include patients with OPGs consenting to volumetric MRI study.	15 months on study
Other	Percent change in tumor size between volumetric measure and traditional 2-dimentional (2-D) measure at 15 months	This assessment includes participants with OPGs consenting to volumetric MRI study.	15 months on study
Other	Tumor and blood banking		Up to 10 years
Primary	Event-free survival (EFS)	EFS is defined as time from randomization to the first occurrence of any of the following events: clinical or radiographic disease progression, disease recurrence, second malignant neoplasm, or death from any cause. Patients who are event-free will be censored at the time of last follow-up. Hazard ratio based on a stratified Cox proportional hazards model will be reported, along with a 90% confidence interval.	From randomization to the first occurrence of any of the following events: clinical or radiographic disease progression, disease recurrence, second malignant neoplasm, or death from any cause, assessed up to 3 years after accrual completion
Primary	Number of participants with visual acuity (VA) improvement per arm	VA will be assessed using Teller acuity cards (TAC). A significant improvement in VA will be defined as a decrease of >= 0.2 logMAR (corrected for age) from baseline (pre-treatment baseline) to end of about 12 months of treatment. The primary analysis will be based on per subject outcome (rather than per eye).	Baseline and end of about 12 months of treatment
Secondary	Radiographic tumor response rate	Tumors will be classified into complete response (CR), partial response (PR), stable disease (SD), and progressive disease (PD). Radiologic response rates will be summarized per arm and be tested for a difference between the two arms using an exact binomial test.	Assessed up to 3 years after accrual completion
Secondary	Overall survival (OS)	OS is defined as the time from randomization until death from any cause or till the time of last follow-up for patients who are alive at the time of analysis. Hazard ratio will be reported, along with a 90% confidence interval.	From randomization until death from any cause or till the time of last follow-up for patients who are alive at the time of analysis, assessed up to 3 years after accrual completion
Secondary	Change in VA using HOTV letter acuity testing	HOTV is a recognition acuity measure. It will be conducted on patients who are developmentally able to perform this testing.	Baseline and end of about 12 months of treatment
Secondary	Change in motor function	The Vineland-3 Motor Scale from the Comprehensive Parent Rating Form will be used to assess motor deficits. Change in Vineland motor scale from baseline to about 12 months of treatment will be compared between two treatment arms.	Baseline and approximately 12 months of treatment
Secondary	Change in quality of life (QOL)	Will be measured by Pain and Hurt subscale score. QOL will be assessed by Pediatric Quality of Life (PedsQL) Generic and Brain Tumor modules. Analysis will be based on a 2-sample t-test comparing change in Pain and Hurt subscale score from baseline to 12 months for the two arms.	Baseline and 12 months of treatment
Secondary	Change in quality of life (QOL)	Will be measured by Movement and Balance subscale score. QOL will be assessed by Pediatric Quality of Life (PedsQL) Generic and Brain Tumor modules. Analysis will be based on a 2-sample t-test comparing change in Movement and Balance subscale score from baseline to 12 months for the two arms.	Baseline and 12 months of treatment
Secondary	Change in executive function	Will be measured by BRIEF Cognitive Regulation Index (CRI). Executive function will be measured by age-appropriate Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function (BRIEF) questionnaire. Analysis will be based on a 2-sample t-test comparing change in the designated score from baseline to 24 months for the two arms.	Baseline and 24 months of treatment
Secondary	Change in neurocognitive function	Will be measured by Cogstate composite score. Neurocognitive function will be measured by a computerized battery (Cogstate) testing. Analysis will be based on a 2-sample t-test comparing change in Cogstate composite score from baseline to 24 months for the two arms.	Baseline and 24 months of treatment