Anchoring Patients Pain Scores in the Emergency Department

Neck Pain Clinical Trial

Official title:

Anchoring Patients Pain Scores in the Emergency Department

Clinical Trial Details — Status: Completed

Administrative data

• NCT number: NCT04717518
• Other study ID #: 2020-132
• Status: Completed
• Start date: August 24, 2020
• Est. completion date: November 12, 2021

Study information

• Verified date: March 2022
• Source: CHRISTUS Health
• Contact: n/a
• Is FDA regulated: No
• Study type: Observational

Clinical Trial Summary

The proposed research will be a prospective, observational study to test the hypothesis that anchoring will affect verbal pain scores in the emergency department. There will be a small retrospective aspect to this study to obtain patient satisfaction ratings.

Description:

The investigators will evaluate a convenience sample of patients presenting to the ED with a complaint of pain. Patients will be consented for participation and will fill out a brief survey concerning the current visit in the ED. There will be two forms of the survey. Participants will be randomly assigned to one of the two survey forms. Participants will first be asked if their pain score for this visit is greater than or less than an anchor number provided. In this survey, the investigators will use 20 and 80 as our anchoring numbers. The participants will then have a follow up question asking them to estimate their pain score on a 0-100 scale. Investigators will then perform a chart review to determine patient satisfaction scores for that specific visit to determine if the anchoring effect has any input on patient satisfaction scores.

Recruitment information / eligibility

• Status: Completed
• Enrollment: 108
• Est. completion date: November 12, 2021
• Est. primary completion date: November 12, 2021
• Accepts healthy volunteers: Accepts Healthy Volunteers
• Gender: All
• Age group: 18 Years and older

Eligibility

Inclusion Criteria:

• 18 years of age or older

• Presenting to the ED with a chief complaint of any type of pain

Exclusion Criteria:

• Under 18 years of age

• Refusal to consent

• Incarcerated patients

• Pregnant patients

• Unable to complete survey secondary to clinical instability, severe pain, or disorientation determined by a study physician

Related Conditions & MeSH terms

• Abdominal Pain
• Arthralgia
• Back Pain
• Chest Pain
• Emergencies
• Headache
• Joint Pain
• Muscle Pain
• Myalgia
• Neck Pain

Intervention

Other:
• Measurement of Pain
Patients will fill out a brief survey concerning the current visit to the ED.

Locations

Country	Name	City	State
United States	CHRISTUS Spohn Health System	Corpus Christi	Texas

Sponsors (1)

Lead Sponsor	Collaborator
CHRISTUS Health

Country where clinical trial is conducted

United States, 

References & Publications (18)

"CDC Guideline for Prescribing Opioids for Chronic Pain." CDC, 2019, www.cdc.gov/drugoverdose/prescribing/guideline.html.

"Nonopioid Pain Management | AHA." American Hospital Association, 2018, www.aha.org/bibliographylink-page/2018-09-28-nonopioid-pain-management. Accessed 13 Nov. 2019.

"Overdose Death Maps." CDC, 13 Aug. 2019, www.cdc.gov/drugoverdose/data/prescribing/overdosedeath-maps.html.

. Wansink, Brian, et al. "An Anchoring and Adjustment Model of Purchase Quantity Decisions." Journal of Marketing Research, vol. 35, no. 1, Feb. 1998, pp. 71-81, 10.1177/002224379803500108.

Amir R, Leiba R, Eisenberg E. Anchoring the Numeric Pain Scale Changes Pain Intensity Reports in Patients With Chronic But Not With Acute Pain. Pain Pract. 2019 Mar;19(3):283-288. doi: 10.1111/papr.12738. Epub 2018 Nov 20. — View Citation

Brewer NT, Chapman GB, Schwartz JA, Bergus GR. The influence of irrelevant anchors on the judgments and choices of doctors and patients. Med Decis Making. 2007 Mar-Apr;27(2):203-11. — View Citation

Colorado Opioid Safety Pilot Results Report The Colorado Opioid Safety Collaborative Background. Colorado Hospital Association, 2017.

Compton WM, Jones CM, Baldwin GT. Relationship between Nonmedical Prescription-Opioid Use and Heroin Use. N Engl J Med. 2016 Jan 14;374(2):154-63. doi: 10.1056/NEJMra1508490. Review. — View Citation

Liang, Hanchao, et al. "Bounded Rationality, Anchoring-and-Adjustment Sentiment, and Asset Pricing." The North American Journal of Economics and Finance, vol. 40, Apr. 2017, pp. 85-102, 10.1016/j.najef.2017.02.001. Accessed 13 Nov. 2019.

Marco CA, Kanitz W, Jolly M. Pain scores among emergency department (ED) patients: comparison by ED diagnosis. J Emerg Med. 2013 Jan;44(1):46-52. doi: 10.1016/j.jemermed.2012.05.002. Epub 2012 Jul 13. — View Citation

Marco CA, Marco AP, Plewa MC, Buderer N, Bowles J, Lee J. The verbal numeric pain scale: effects of patient education on self-reports of pain. Acad Emerg Med. 2006 Aug;13(8):853-9. — View Citation

Marco CA, Nagel J, Klink E, Baehren D. Factors associated with self-reported pain scores among ED patients. Am J Emerg Med. 2012 Feb;30(2):331-7. doi: 10.1016/j.ajem.2010.12.015. Epub 2011 Mar 1. — View Citation

Meisel ZF, Lupulescu-Mann N, Charlesworth CJ, Kim H, Sun BC. Conversion to Persistent or High-Risk Opioid Use After a New Prescription From the Emergency Department: Evidence From Washington Medicaid Beneficiaries. Ann Emerg Med. 2019 Nov;74(5):611-621. doi: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2019.04.007. Epub 2019 Jun 20. — View Citation

Northcraft, Gregory B, and Margaret A Neale. "Experts, Amateurs, and Real Estate: An Anchoring-andAdjustment Perspective on Property Pricing Decisions." Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, vol. 39, no. 1, 1987, pp. 84-97, 10.1016/0749-5978(87)90046-x.

Riva P, Rusconi P, Montali L, Cherubini P. The influence of anchoring on pain judgment. J Pain Symptom Manage. 2011 Aug;42(2):265-77. doi: 10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2010.10.264. Epub 2011 Mar 12. — View Citation

Scholl L, Seth P, Kariisa M, Wilson N, Baldwin G. Drug and Opioid-Involved Overdose Deaths - United States, 2013-2017. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2018 Jan 4;67(5152):1419-1427. doi: 10.15585/mmwr.mm675152e1. — View Citation

Tversky A, Kahneman D. Judgment under Uncertainty: Heuristics and Biases. Science. 1974 Sep 27;185(4157):1124-31. — View Citation

Yadav, Manjit S. "How Buyers Evaluate Product Bundles: A Model of Anchoring and Adjustment." Journal of Consumer Research, vol. 21, no. 2, Sept. 1994, p. 342, 10.1086/209402.

* Note: There are 18 references in all — Click here to view all references

Outcome

Type	Measure	Description	Time frame	Safety issue
Primary	Utilization of a questionnaire to measure the mean pain scores between two intervention groups based on the numeric pain score scale	A questionnaire will be used to measure pain scores by utilizing a numeric pain scale (0-100) and measure the effect of anchoring bias on pain scores in the Emergency Department. It is hypothesized that a lower pain score anchor will lead to a lower reported pain score by the patient.	Through study completion, an average of 1 year
Secondary	An analysis to examine the influence of anchoring on patient satisfaction for patients with common chief complaints related to pain in the Emergency Department. It is unknown if anchoring affects a patient's overall satisfaction.	Patients receive Press-Ganey questionnaire to evaluate their visit to the Emergency Department. We will measure if the anchoring pain score affects the patients overall satisfaction with their Emergency Department care.	Through study completion, an average of 1 year