Isopropyl Alcohol vs Ondansetron for Nausea in the Emergency Department

Nausea Clinical Trial

Official title:

Nasally Inhaled Isopropyl Alcohol Versus Oral Ondansetron for the Treatment of Nausea in the Emergency Department: A Double-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial

Clinical Trial Details — Status: Completed

Administrative data

• NCT number: NCT02760069
• Other study ID #: C.2016.091
• Status: Completed
• Phase: Phase 4
• Start date: January 2016
• Est. completion date: November 2017

Study information

• Verified date: July 2020
• Source: Brooke Army Medical Center
• Contact: n/a
• Is FDA regulated: No
• Study type: Interventional

Clinical Trial Summary

This study will compare the efficacy of isopropyl alcohol and conventional anti-emetics with three study arms: (1) inhaled isopropyl alcohol plus oral ondansetron; (2) inhaled isopropyl alcohol plus oral placebo; (3) inhaled placebo plus oral ondansetron.

Description:

This study is a prospective randomized controlled trial to test the hypothesis that nasally-inhaled isopropyl alcohol (ISO) plus oral placebo has greater anti-emetic efficacy compared to oral ondansetron oral solution. By design, the study will be double-blinded insofar as neither investigators nor subjects will be notified of the identity of the substances they are inhaling or swallowing. The study will include a post-study survey to ascertain the extent to which blinding was achieved. Potential subjects are those presenting to the Emergency Department (ED) with nausea and/or vomiting. Investigators will recruit a convenience sample by approaching subjects at the time of initial triage and solicit nausea on a verbal numerical rating scale (VNRS) scored from 0-10 with those patients reporting scores of 3 or greater eligible for study. Informed consent will be obtained from each subject.

Subjects will be allocated to one of three arms: (1) inhaled isopropyl alcohol plus oral ondansetron; (2) inhaled isopropyl alcohol plus oral placebo; (3) inhaled placebo plus oral ondansetron. No subject will receive both inhaled and oral placebo; all subjects will be allocated to at least one therapeutic intervention for nausea. Both investigators and study subjects will be blinded to subject allocation.

Regarding the interventions, upon recruitment, patients will be administered an oral solution (placebo or ondansetron) by their treating nurse. A study team member will then instruct the subject to inhale one of the blinded prep pads, to hold the pad approximately 1 centimeter from their nares, and to take deep nasal inhalations as needed for nausea relief. The investigator will remain at arm's length from the patient at all times to avoid detecting prep pad scent. Additionally, investigators will also instruct subjects to avoid any behavior or actions during the study that would indicate which preparation pad is being used.

The investigators will record their findings on data collection forms. The primary outcome will be nausea as measured on a 10 cm visual analogue scale (VAS) at 30 minutes. Nausea measurements will also be collected at 10, 20, 40, 50, and 60 minutes, and then every hour up to 5 hours, then at disposition at which time the patient will provide one final nausea VAS score. The study team member will not be present in the patient's room during the intervals between these evaluations. At the time of each nausea measurement, patients will be offered another preparation pad (up to ten pads). Investigators will notify the patient's treating provider to prompt consideration for treatment with a rescue anti-emetic (such as metoclopramide or promethazine) if the patient vomits or if the patient requests an anti-emetic at any time. At the time of each nausea measurement, a pain score will also be measured on a 10 cm VAS. At the time of final disposition, the patient will provide a satisfaction score on a 10-cm VAS and be asked to indicate his/her belief as to whether the pad was a treatment or placebo and whether the oral solution was a treatment or placebo. Similarly, at study conclusion the patient's provider will be asked to indicate his/her belief as to whether the pad was a treatment or placebo and whether the oral solution was a treatment or placebo. Other data collected will include times and doses for all medications (including preparation pads) and fluids administered, episodes of vomiting (defined as forceful expulsion of gastric contents separated by at least 2 minutes), disposition (admission versus discharge), final clinical impression at the time of disposition, and time to disposition. Subjects will be followed and data collected for the entirety of their ED stay.

Recruitment information / eligibility

• Status: Completed
• Enrollment: 122
• Est. completion date: November 2017
• Est. primary completion date: November 2017
• Accepts healthy volunteers: No
• Gender: All
• Age group: 18 Years and older

Eligibility

Inclusion Criteria:

• ages 18 and older

• complaint of nausea and/or vomiting reported at 3 or above on verbal numerical rating scale at the time of triage

Exclusion Criteria:

• allergy to isopropyl alcohol or ondansetron

• inability to breathe through nose (e.g., recent upper respiratory infection)

• intake of cefoperazone, disulfiram, or metronidazole within the last 24 hours

• mental status precluding informed consent including intoxication

• known QT-prolongation

• clinical suspicion for serotonin syndrome

• intravenous catheter in place prior to study start

• medications administered since patient arrival (e.g., in triage)

Related Conditions & MeSH terms

• Emergencies
• Nausea

Intervention

Drug:
• Inhaled isopropyl alcohol
Patients will inhale from isopropyl alcohol pads as needed for nausea up to q30 minutes.
• Oral ondansetron
Patients will drink elixir containing 4 mg ondansetron in 5 ml of solution. National Drug Code (NDC) 0054-0064-47.
• Inhaled normal saline
Patients will inhale from normal saline pads as needed for nausea up to q30 minutes.
• Oral placebo
Subjects will drink solution comprised of 0.25 ml of Oral Sweet Sugar Free NDC 0574-0302-16 with 4.75 ml of sterile water for dilution NDC 0264-2101-00

Locations

Country	Name	City	State
United States	San Antonio Military Medical Center	San Antonio	Texas

Sponsors (1)

Lead Sponsor	Collaborator
Brooke Army Medical Center

Country where clinical trial is conducted

United States, 

References & Publications (3)

Beadle KL, Helbling AR, Love SL, April MD, Hunter CJ. Isopropyl Alcohol Nasal Inhalation for Nausea in the Emergency Department: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Ann Emerg Med. 2016 Jul;68(1):1-9.e1. doi: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2015.09.031. Epub 2015 Dec 8. — View Citation

Egerton-Warburton D, Meek R, Mee MJ, Braitberg G. Antiemetic use for nausea and vomiting in adult emergency department patients: randomized controlled trial comparing ondansetron, metoclopramide, and placebo. Ann Emerg Med. 2014 Nov;64(5):526-532.e1. doi: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2014.03.017. Epub 2014 May 10. — View Citation

Hines S, Steels E, Chang A, Gibbons K. Aromatherapy for treatment of postoperative nausea and vomiting. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2012 Apr 18;(4):CD007598. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD007598.pub2. Review. Update in: Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2018 Mar 10;3:CD007598. — View Citation

Outcome

Type	Measure	Description	Time frame	Safety issue
Primary	Nausea 100 mm Visual Analogue Scale (VAS)	Full Scale Name: Nausea 100-mm visual analogue scale. Scale Construct: Measures nausea as reported by the patient Scale Range: Minimum is 0 (no nausea) to 100 (worst nausea imaginable). These values quantify, on an interval scale anchored at 0, the patient's subjective sensation of nausea. Higher values represent worse outcomes (e.g., more nausea). Patient makes a single vertical mark on a 100 mm horizontal line with 0 at the left and 100 on the right to depict their nausea.	30 minutes post intervention
Secondary	Number of Participants Who Required Rescue Anti-emetics	Whether patient required rescue anti-emetics (binary variable). Measured using nurse drug administration record.	Study duration (up to 5 hours post intervention)