Nail Diseases Clinical Trial
Official title:
Subclinical Nail Involvement in Relevant Skin Diseases
Onychopathies constitute one of the major challenges faced by a dermatologist in terms of its
early detection and diagnosis .
Many disorders can affect the nails, including deformity and dystrophy, infections, and
ingrown toenails. Infections can involve any part of the nail and may or may not change the
nail's appearance. Most nail infections are fungal (onychomycosis), but bacterial and viral
infections occur .
Nails are characteristically affected in skin diseases such as psoriasis (speckling,
psoriatic oil spot, crumbling nails, pachyonychia) ,lichen( anonychia, dystrophy) ,alopecia
areata (speckling, trachyonychia, longitudinal grooves, leukonychia), atopic dermatitis
(shiny nails, transverse grooves, speckling, paronychia) and other diseases.
Nail disorders are assessed by clinical inspection, dermatoscopy , microbiological (including
mycological) testing, and histopathological examination by nail biopsy .
Utility of dermoscope as a tool for detection is increasing by the day and its use in
onychopathies needs to be explored .
Nail dermoscopy has initially been used for the assessment of nail pigmentation . But its
utilization has expanded for the diagnosis of all nail disorders; it became a routine
diagnostic instrument, as its reveals helpful information. Dermoscopy can be applied to all
visible parts of the nail unit, and even the nail matrix can be studied, in conjunction with
intraoperative methods .
Nail dermoscopy offers many advantages. Mostly, it enhances visible nail features; however,
it can also help identify additional unique and fascinating features, not visible to the
naked eye. It is practical, noninvasive and still opens up a second microscopic level of
inspection. It contributes toward confirmation of diagnosis and assessment of treatment
response as well as prognosis.
In a cross-sectional study to detect signs of subclinical nail involvement in 68 patients
with chronic plaque psoriasis, Forty-six patients showed nail dermoscopic findings. Coarse
pits, onycholysis, oil drop sign and splinter hemorrhages were seen .
To the best of the investigator's knowledge, no available studies in the literature evaluate
subclinical nail affection in skin diseases as lichen planus, atopic dermatitis and auto
immune bullous diseases. Hence, with the help of a dermoscope,early diagnosis and appropriate
treatment can be instituted.
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