Combination Chemotherapy in Treating Young Patients With Newly Diagnosed Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia

Myeloid Neoplasm Clinical Trial

Official title:

Risk Adapted Treatment of Newly Diagnosed Childhood Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia (APL) Using Arsenic Trioxide (Trisenox® ) During Consolidation

Clinical Trial Details — Status: Completed

Administrative data

• NCT number: NCT00866918
• Other study ID #: AAML0631
• Secondary ID: NCI-2011-01904CD
• Status: Completed
• Phase: Phase 3
• Start date: March 9, 2009
• Est. completion date: September 30, 2022

Study information

• Verified date: October 2022
• Source: Children's Oncology Group
• Contact: n/a
• Is FDA regulated: No
• Study type: Interventional

Clinical Trial Summary

This phase III trial is studying combination chemotherapy to see how well it works in treating young patients with newly diagnosed acute promyelocytic leukemia. Drugs used in chemotherapy work in different ways to stop the growth of cancer cells, either by killing the cells or by stopping them from dividing. Giving more than one drug (combination chemotherapy) may kill more cancer cells.

Description:

PRIMARY OBJECTIVES: I. To decrease the total anthracycline dose from the best current published results in standard risk childhood acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) while still maintaining a comparable event-free survival (EFS). SECONDARY OBJECTIVES: I. To assign treatment based on risk stratification by white blood cell count (WBC) at diagnosis. II. To estimate the induction failure rate, toxic death rate, disease-free survival rate and overall survival rate in both standard and high risk APL patients. III. To monitor for cardiotoxicity in an idarubicin/mitoxantrone based regimen. IV. To document the toxicity of a traditional chemotherapy/all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) (tretinoin) based regimen combined with arsenic trioxide therapy. V. To study the relationship of Fms-like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3) mutations to clinical features and outcome in APL. VI. To study risk factors for pseudotumor cerebri in APL. VII. To study the relationship of early progenitor cell involvement to treatment failure in FLT3 positive APL. VIII. To compare the EFS of children enrolled on AAML0631 with the EFS of children enrolled on C9710 who were between the ages of 2 and 21 and did not receive arsenic trioxide. IX. To estimate the proportion of patients who carry a cryptic t(15;17), i.e., those who are positive for a promyelocytes.(PML)-retinoic acid receptor alpha (RARA) fusion transcript by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis but have normal chromosomes. X. To estimate the proportion of patients with variant RARA partners. XI. To compare the outcome of patients with only a t(15;17) with that of patients who carry a t(15;17) and other chromosomal abnormalities. OUTLINE: This is a multicenter study. Patients are assigned to 1 of 2 arms based on risk factor (standard-risk [WBC less than 10,000/mm^3] or high-risk [WBC 10,000/mm^3 or higher]). ARM I (STANDARD-RISK): INDUCTION THERAPY: Patients receive tretinoin orally (PO) twice daily (BID) on days 1-30 and idarubicin intravenously (IV) over 15 minutes once on days 3, 5, and 7. CONSOLIDATION THERAPY: CONSOLIDATION 1: Patients receive arsenic trioxide IV over 2 hours on days 1-5, 8-12, 15-19, 22-26, and 29-33 and tretinoin PO BID on days 1-14. Treatment repeats every 5 weeks for 2 courses, followed by a 2-week break, and then treatment repeats for 2 more courses. Beginning 1 week later or when blood counts recover, patients proceed to consolidation 2. CONSOLIDATION 2: Patients receive cytarabine intrathecally (IT) on day 1, tretinoin PO BID on days 1-14, high-dose cytarabine IV over 3 hours every 12 hours on days 1-3, and mitoxantrone hydrochloride IV over 15-30 minutes once on days 3 and 4. Patients proceed to consolidation 3 1 week later or when blood counts recover. CONSOLIDATION 3: Patients receive cytarabine IT on day 1, tretinoin PO BID on days 1-14, and idarubicin IV over 15 minutes once daily on days 1, 3, and 5. High-risk patients and those standard-risk patients who are positive for minimal residual disease by real-time quantitative (RQ)-PCR receive consolidation 4 one week later or when blood counts recover. All other standard-risk patients proceed to maintenance therapy. MAINTENANCE THERAPY: Patients receive cytarabine IT on day 1 (course 1 only), tretinoin PO BID on days 1-14, mercaptopurine PO once daily (QD) on days 1-84, methotrexate PO once on days 1, 8, 15, 22, 29, 36, 43, 50, 57, 64, 71, and 78. Treatment repeats every 12 weeks for 9 courses. ARM II (HIGH-RISK): INDUCTION THERAPY: Patients receive tretinoin PO BID on days 1-30 and idarubicin IV over 15 minutes once on days 1, 3, and 5. Patients proceed to consolidation therapy one week later or when blood counts recover. CONSOLIDATION THERAPY: Patients receive consolidation 1, 2, and 3 as in Arm I. CONSOLIDATION 4: Patients receive cytarabine IT on day 1, tretinoin PO BID on days 1-14, high-dose cytarabine IV over 3 hours every 12 hours on days 1-3, and idarubicin IV over 15 minutes once on day 4. Patients who demonstrate molecular complete remission (CR) and remain in hematological CR proceed to maintenance therapy 1 week later or when blood counts recover. MAINTENANCE THERAPY: Patients receive maintenance therapy as in Arm I. After completion of study treatment, patients are followed every month for 1 year, every 3 months for 2 years, every 6 months for 2 years, and then annually for 5 years.

Recruitment information / eligibility

• Status: Completed
• Enrollment: 106
• Est. completion date: September 30, 2022
• Est. primary completion date: June 30, 2015
• Accepts healthy volunteers: No
• Gender: All
• Age group: 2 Years to 21 Years

Eligibility

Inclusion Criteria:

• Patients must be newly diagnosed with a clinical diagnosis of acute promyelocytic leukemia initially by morphology (bone marrow or peripheral blood); bone marrow is highly preferred but in cases where marrow cannot be obtained at diagnosis, peripheral blood will be accepted; APL is considered a hematological emergency and treatment should be initiated as quickly as possible without waiting for molecular or cytogenetic/fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) confirmation; for patients who are unable to begin receiving ATRA in a timely manner following a presumed diagnosis of APL, consideration should be given to initiating ATRA and proceeding with treatment outside of the AAML0631 protocol; if the RQ-PCR results are known at the time of study enrollment, the patient must demonstrate PML-RARA and/or RARA-PML transcripts by RQ-PCR to be eligible; patients without evidence of APL by bone marrow or peripheral blood morphology but with isolated myeloid sarcoma (myeloblastoma; chloroma, including leukemia cutis) are eligible provided that the t(15;17) translocation is documented on either marrow or tumor tissue by cytogenetics, FISH, or PCR prior to study enrollment; in this situation, touch preps from the tumor site can be evaluated by FISH with PML-RARA probes; NOTE: A lumbar puncture is not required to be enrolled on study; if the diagnosis of APL is known or suspected, extreme caution must be exercised in performing a lumbar puncture during active coagulopathy; in addition a computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) should be considered to rule out the possibility of an associated chloroma if central nervous system (CNS) disease is suspected or proven; if CNS disease is documented, patients are still eligible
• No minimal performance status criteria
• The patient must not have received systemic definitive treatment for APL or other suspected leukemia, including cytotoxic chemotherapy, retinoids, or arsenic; prior therapy with corticosteroids, hydroxyurea, or leukopheresis will not exclude the patient; if a patient received intrathecal cytarabine prior to the diagnosis of APL being known, the patient will still be eligible as long as they meet all other eligibility requirements

Exclusion Criteria:

• Pregnant women or nursing mothers are excluded; treatment under this protocol would expose an unborn child to significant risks; patients should not be pregnant or plan to become pregnant while on treatment; women and men of reproductive potential should agree to use an effective means of birth control; there is an extremely high risk of fetal malformation if pregnancy occurs while on ATRA in any amount even for short periods
• Patients with a pre-existing prolonged QT Syndrome will not be eligible for this protocol due to the use of arsenic trioxide which can prolong the QT interval

Related Conditions & MeSH terms

• Childhood Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia With PML-RARA
• Leukemia
• Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute
• Myeloid Neoplasm

Intervention

Drug:
• Arsenic Trioxide
Given IV
• Cytarabine
Given IT or IV

Other:
• Diagnostic Laboratory Biomarker Analysis
Correlative studies

Drug:
• Idarubicin
Given IV
• Mercaptopurine
Given orally
• Methotrexate
Given orally
• Mitoxantrone Hydrochloride
Given IV
• Tretinoin
Given orally

Locations

Country	Name	City	State
Canada	IWK Health Centre	Halifax	Nova Scotia
Canada	McMaster Children's Hospital at Hamilton Health Sciences	Hamilton	Ontario
Canada	Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine	Montreal	Quebec
Canada	Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario	Ottawa	Ontario
Canada	Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Quebec	Quebec
Canada	Hospital for Sick Children	Toronto	Ontario
Canada	British Columbia Children's Hospital	Vancouver	British Columbia
Canada	CancerCare Manitoba	Winnipeg	Manitoba
Puerto Rico	San Jorge Children's Hospital	San Juan
United States	University of New Mexico Cancer Center	Albuquerque	New Mexico
United States	C S Mott Children's Hospital	Ann Arbor	Michigan
United States	Children's Healthcare of Atlanta - Egleston	Atlanta	Georgia
United States	Emory University Hospital/Winship Cancer Institute	Atlanta	Georgia
United States	Children's Hospital Colorado	Aurora	Colorado
United States	Johns Hopkins University/Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center	Baltimore	Maryland
United States	Sinai Hospital of Baltimore	Baltimore	Maryland
United States	Eastern Maine Medical Center	Bangor	Maine
United States	Children's Hospital of Alabama	Birmingham	Alabama
United States	University of Alabama at Birmingham Cancer Center	Birmingham	Alabama
United States	Dana-Farber Cancer Institute	Boston	Massachusetts
United States	Montefiore Medical Center - Moses Campus	Bronx	New York
United States	Roswell Park Cancer Institute	Buffalo	New York
United States	UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center	Chapel Hill	North Carolina
United States	Carolinas Medical Center/Levine Cancer Institute	Charlotte	North Carolina
United States	Novant Health Presbyterian Medical Center	Charlotte	North Carolina
United States	T C Thompson Children's Hospital	Chattanooga	Tennessee
United States	Lurie Children's Hospital-Chicago	Chicago	Illinois
United States	Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center	Cincinnati	Ohio
United States	Cleveland Clinic Foundation	Cleveland	Ohio
United States	Rainbow Babies and Childrens Hospital	Cleveland	Ohio
United States	Prisma Health Richland Hospital	Columbia	South Carolina
United States	Nationwide Children's Hospital	Columbus	Ohio
United States	Driscoll Children's Hospital	Corpus Christi	Texas
United States	Dayton Children's Hospital	Dayton	Ohio
United States	Ascension Saint John Hospital	Detroit	Michigan
United States	Wayne State University/Karmanos Cancer Institute	Detroit	Michigan
United States	Kaiser Permanente Downey Medical Center	Downey	California
United States	Duke University Medical Center	Durham	North Carolina
United States	Michigan State University Clinical Center	East Lansing	Michigan
United States	Sanford Broadway Medical Center	Fargo	North Dakota
United States	University of Connecticut	Farmington	Connecticut
United States	Golisano Children's Hospital of Southwest Florida	Fort Myers	Florida
United States	Lee Memorial Health System	Fort Myers	Florida
United States	Cook Children's Medical Center	Fort Worth	Texas
United States	Helen DeVos Children's Hospital at Spectrum Health	Grand Rapids	Michigan
United States	Spectrum Health at Butterworth Campus	Grand Rapids	Michigan
United States	Saint Vincent Hospital Cancer Center Green Bay	Green Bay	Wisconsin
United States	BI-LO Charities Children's Cancer Center	Greenville	South Carolina
United States	Greenville Cancer Treatment Center	Greenville	South Carolina
United States	Hackensack University Medical Center	Hackensack	New Jersey
United States	Connecticut Children's Medical Center	Hartford	Connecticut
United States	Penn State Children's Hospital	Hershey	Pennsylvania
United States	Penn State Milton S Hershey Medical Center	Hershey	Pennsylvania
United States	University of Hawaii Cancer Center	Honolulu	Hawaii
United States	Ascension Saint Vincent Indianapolis Hospital	Indianapolis	Indiana
United States	Indiana University/Melvin and Bren Simon Cancer Center	Indianapolis	Indiana
United States	Riley Hospital for Children	Indianapolis	Indiana
United States	University of Mississippi Medical Center	Jackson	Mississippi
United States	Nemours Children's Clinic-Jacksonville	Jacksonville	Florida
United States	Children's Mercy Hospitals and Clinics	Kansas City	Missouri
United States	Nevada Cancer Research Foundation NCORP	Las Vegas	Nevada
United States	University of Kentucky/Markey Cancer Center	Lexington	Kentucky
United States	Arkansas Children's Hospital	Little Rock	Arkansas
United States	University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences	Little Rock	Arkansas
United States	Loma Linda University Medical Center	Loma Linda	California
United States	Miller Children's and Women's Hospital Long Beach	Long Beach	California
United States	Children's Hospital Los Angeles	Los Angeles	California
United States	UCLA / Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center	Los Angeles	California
United States	Norton Children's Hospital	Louisville	Kentucky
United States	Valley Children's Hospital	Madera	California
United States	Marshfield Medical Center-Marshfield	Marshfield	Wisconsin
United States	Loyola University Medical Center	Maywood	Illinois
United States	Saint Jude Children's Research Hospital	Memphis	Tennessee
United States	Children's Hospital of Wisconsin	Milwaukee	Wisconsin
United States	Children's Hospitals and Clinics of Minnesota - Minneapolis	Minneapolis	Minnesota
United States	Morristown Medical Center	Morristown	New Jersey
United States	Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey-Robert Wood Johnson University Hospital	New Brunswick	New Jersey
United States	Tulane University Health Sciences Center	New Orleans	Louisiana
United States	NYP/Columbia University Medical Center/Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center	New York	New York
United States	Advocate Children's Hospital-Oak Lawn	Oak Lawn	Illinois
United States	UCSF Benioff Children's Hospital Oakland	Oakland	California
United States	University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center	Oklahoma City	Oklahoma
United States	Children's Hospital of Orange County	Orange	California
United States	AdventHealth Orlando	Orlando	Florida
United States	Nemours Children's Clinic - Orlando	Orlando	Florida
United States	Orlando Health Cancer Institute	Orlando	Florida
United States	Lucile Packard Children's Hospital Stanford University	Palo Alto	California
United States	Saint Joseph's Regional Medical Center	Paterson	New Jersey
United States	Nemours Children's Clinic - Pensacola	Pensacola	Florida
United States	Sacred Heart Hospital	Pensacola	Florida
United States	Saint Jude Midwest Affiliate	Peoria	Illinois
United States	Children's Hospital of Philadelphia	Philadelphia	Pennsylvania
United States	Children's Oncology Group	Philadelphia	Pennsylvania
United States	Phoenix Childrens Hospital	Phoenix	Arizona
United States	Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC	Pittsburgh	Pennsylvania
United States	Oregon Health and Science University	Portland	Oregon
United States	Mayo Clinic in Rochester	Rochester	Minnesota
United States	Cardinal Glennon Children's Medical Center	Saint Louis	Missouri
United States	Washington University School of Medicine	Saint Louis	Missouri
United States	Johns Hopkins All Children's Hospital	Saint Petersburg	Florida
United States	Primary Children's Hospital	Salt Lake City	Utah
United States	Methodist Children's Hospital of South Texas	San Antonio	Texas
United States	University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio	San Antonio	Texas
United States	Rady Children's Hospital - San Diego	San Diego	California
United States	UCSF Medical Center-Mount Zion	San Francisco	California
United States	UCSF Medical Center-Parnassus	San Francisco	California
United States	Memorial Health University Medical Center	Savannah	Georgia
United States	Seattle Children's Hospital	Seattle	Washington
United States	Baystate Medical Center	Springfield	Massachusetts
United States	Southern Illinois University School of Medicine	Springfield	Illinois
United States	Overlook Hospital	Summit	New Jersey
United States	State University of New York Upstate Medical University	Syracuse	New York
United States	Saint Joseph's Hospital/Children's Hospital-Tampa	Tampa	Florida
United States	ProMedica Toledo Hospital/Russell J Ebeid Children's Hospital	Toledo	Ohio
United States	Harbor-University of California at Los Angeles Medical Center	Torrance	California
United States	Children's National Medical Center	Washington	District of Columbia
United States	MedStar Georgetown University Hospital	Washington	District of Columbia
United States	Saint Mary's Hospital	West Palm Beach	Florida
United States	Alfred I duPont Hospital for Children	Wilmington	Delaware
United States	Wake Forest University Health Sciences	Winston-Salem	North Carolina
United States	UMass Memorial Medical Center - University Campus	Worcester	Massachusetts

Sponsors (2)

Lead Sponsor	Collaborator
Children's Oncology Group	National Cancer Institute (NCI)

Countries where clinical trial is conducted

United States,  Canada,  Puerto Rico, 

Outcome

Type	Measure	Description	Time frame	Safety issue
Primary	Event-free Survival (EFS)	EFS - time from study entry until failure to achieve complete remission during consolidation, relapse, or death. For further clarification see definitions provided in the protocol.	At 3 years from study entry
Secondary	Hematologic Remission Rate	Proportion of patients in hematologic remission at end of consolidation, course 1 are reported.	End of consolidation, course 1: up to 5 months
Secondary	Hematologic, Molecular, and Cytogenetic Remission Rate	Proportion of patients in hematologic, molecular, and cytogenetic remission at end of consolidation, course 3 and 4 are reported. Patients were determined to be in remission by all three criteria.	End of consolidation, course 3; up to 7 months (for Standard Risk) or end of consolidation, course 4; up to 9 months (for High Risk)
Secondary	Overall Survival (OS)	OS - time from study entry to death.	At 3 years from study entry

External Links

•   Data Available: Select individual patient-level data from this trial can be requested from the NCTN/NCORP Data Archive