Time-Restricted Eating and Muscle Hypertrophy

Muscle Hypertrophy Clinical Trial

Official title:

The Influence of 16:8 Time-Restricted Eating on Resistance Exercise-Induced Skeletal Muscle Hypertrophy

Clinical Trial Details — Status: Completed

Administrative data

• NCT number: NCT04000750
• Other study ID #: CSP Fullerton
• Status: Completed
• Phase: N/A
• Start date: June 24, 2019
• Est. completion date: February 5, 2023

Study information

• Verified date: February 2023
• Source: California State University, Fullerton
• Contact: n/a
• Is FDA regulated: No
• Study type: Interventional

Clinical Trial Summary

The purpose is to examine the effects of time-restricted eating (TRE; consuming all calories within an 8-hour period each day) vs. normal eating (CON; consuming same kcals and protein as TRE, but during a 10-13 hr eating window each day) during 8 weeks of resistance exercise on body composition and muscle mass (whole muscle and single fiber), muscular performance, anabolic protein signaling, single muscle fiber characteristics, and the gut microbiome in well-trained young men and women.

Description:

The primary goal pertains to muscle hypertrophy (not fat loss), thus all participants will be placed in a 10% caloric surplus.

Recruitment information / eligibility

• Status: Completed
• Enrollment: 20
• Est. completion date: February 5, 2023
• Est. primary completion date: July 15, 2021
• Accepts healthy volunteers: Accepts Healthy Volunteers
• Gender: All
• Age group: 18 Years to 35 Years

Eligibility

Inclusion Criteria:

• 18-35 years old with <25% (men) or <30% (women) body fat

• have experience in resistance exercise for the whole body and performed resistance exercise at least 3 times per week the last 12 months

• be able to perform all necessary exercises with safe technique and no pain

• be able to squat 1.5x (men) or 1x (women) body weight

• be able to bench press 1.1x (men) or 0.55x (women) body weight

• be on a non-specialized, mixed macronutrient diet

• have a lifestyle which enables a reasonably consistent 7+ hours of sleep per night

• be free of any current joint, musculoskeletal, and/or neuromuscular injuries

Exclusion Criteria:

• have any known current illness, prohibitive muscular or neuromuscular problem, hypertension, cardiac, pulmonary, liver, kidney, insulin or any other metabolic disorders (e.g. Type I or Type II diabetes)

• are lactose intolerant or unable to consume whey protein for any reason

• are on any medications known to affect protein metabolism

• have taken antibiotics in the last 6 months

• cannot refrain from consuming any alcoholic beverages, nicotine, or marijuana (or derivative) for a period of 48 hours prior to data collection (pre and post testing)

• consume alcohol >2x per week

• consume any analgesic or anti-inflammatory drug(s), prescription or non-prescription, chronically or within 48 hours of data collection

• consume any recreational drug(s), prescription or non-prescription, legal or illegal, chronically or within 30 days of data collection

• consume any caffeine or food within 12 hours of data collection

• cannot refrain from physical exercise (outside of activities of daily living) outside of what is prescribed by the research team for the duration of the study

• cannot refrain from using recovery methods such as electric stimulation, hot/cold therapy, massage, chiropractic, or personal air/water devices (Normatech, etc.)

• have utilized any anabolic steroid, currently or in the past

• cannot refrain from consumption of any supplementation (creatine, multivitamin, fish oil, protein powder, BCAA, pre-workouts, etc.) outside of what is provided

• cannot refrain from consuming any supplemental pro or prebiotics or other items that intentionally alter the gut microbiome

• fail to adhere to the nutritional guidelines or miss >3 of the exercise sessions

• were recently pregnant, trying to become pregnant, or are currently breastfeeding

Related Conditions & MeSH terms

• Healthy and Well-Trained Men and Women
• Hypertrophy
• Muscle Hypertrophy

Intervention

Other:
• Time Restricted Eating
Diet will be tracked and reported every day to a qualified dietitian.
• Normal Feeding
Diet will be tracked and reported every day to a qualified dietitian.
• Resistance Training
8 weeks of supervised and programmed whole body resistance training, performed 4x per week

Dietary Supplement:
• Whey Protein
Consumed on all exercise days.

Locations

Country	Name	City	State
United States	Center for Sport Performance at California State University, Fullerton	Fullerton	California

Sponsors (2)

Lead Sponsor	Collaborator
California State University, Fullerton	San Francisco State University

Country where clinical trial is conducted

United States, 

Outcome

Type	Measure	Description	Time frame	Safety issue
Primary	Changes in Muscle Size - Lower Body	via Ultrasound	Pre, Mid (4 weeks), and Post (8 weeks)
Primary	Changes in Muscle Size - Upper Body	via Ultrasound	Pre, Mid (4 weeks), and Post (8 weeks)
Primary	Changes in Fiber Type-Specific Size	Single muscle fiber analysis	Pre and Post (week 8)
Primary	Changes in Body composition	via BodPod	Pre, Mid (4 weeks), and Post (8 weeks)
Primary	Acute Exercise Induced Fiber Type-Specific Anabolic Signaling (Total Concentration and Phosphorylation Status)	Men only; assessed via single fiber Simple Western	Day 1 of exercise training
Secondary	Changes in Maximal Strength	1RM on bench press, squat, and leg extension	Pre and Post (week 8)
Secondary	Changes in Maximal Muscular Endurance	Maximal repetitions on bench press and leg press	Pre and Post (week 8)
Secondary	Changes in Gut Microbiome	via stool sample	Pre, Mid (week 2, 4, 6), and Post (week 8)
Secondary	Changes in Fiber Type Composition	Single Fiber via SDS-PAGE	Pre and Post (week 8)
Secondary	Changes in Fiber Type-Specific Resting Anabolic Signaling (Total Concentration and Phosphorylation Status)	via single fiber Simple Western	Pre and Post (week 8)
Secondary	Changes in Mood	via Questionnaire	Weekly for duration of the intervention (8 weeks)
Secondary	Changes in Enjoyment of Diet	via Questionnaire	Weekly for duration of the intervention (8 weeks)
Secondary	Changes in Sleep (total and quality)	via Questionnaire	Weekly for duration of the intervention (8 weeks)
Secondary	Changes in Menstrual Cycle	via Questionnaire; women only	Pre, Mid (week 4), and post (week 8)
Secondary	Total Training Volume		After 8 weeks
Secondary	Nutrient Intake	Total Kcal and grams of protein, fat, and carbohydrates	Daily, starting 7 days before the study and continuing for 8 additional weeks