Recovery Kinetics Following Eccentric Exercise

Muscle Damage Clinical Trial

Official title:

Recovery Kinetics Following Three Exercise-induced Muscle Damage Protocols in Adult Males

Clinical Trial Details — Status: Completed

Administrative data

• NCT number: NCT04733911
• Other study ID #: Recovery-Eccentrics-UTH
• Status: Completed
• Phase: N/A
• Start date: April 1, 2021
• Est. completion date: April 30, 2022

Study information

• Verified date: June 2022
• Source: University of Thessaly
• Contact: n/a
• Is FDA regulated: No
• Study type: Interventional

Clinical Trial Summary

The aim of this study will be to investigate the recovery kinetics of neuromuscular fatigue, muscle microtrauma indicators, performance and oxidative stress factors after three different exercise induced muscle damage (EIMD) protocols in adult Males. Also, this study will determine the comparison among three different eccentric protocols in neuromuscular fatigue, muscle microtrauma indicators, performance and oxidative stress factors. The eccentric protocols will be differentiated in training volume and specifically in the eccentric repetitions in isokinetic dynamometer.

Description:

It is known that eccentric exercise induces muscle microtrauma. Also, eccentric type of exercise are associated with inflammatory response. The leukocytes and the immune cells during the phagocytosis process alter the redox status causing secondary muscle damage to the muscle tissue and also increase oxidative stress concentration. Despite of the existence of studies that examine the muscle damage indicators, inflammatory response, performance and neuromuscular fatigue and oxidative stress concentrations after eccentric exercise, however no studies are detected in order to compare the differences among three eccentric protocols. The eccentric protocols will be differentiated in training volume and specifically in the eccentric repetitions in isokinetic dynamometer. Specifically, a randomized, fourth-trial, cross-over, repeated measures design will be applied. Healthy male adults (age 18-30 years) will participate in the present study. Also, it is considered necessary that the participants will not suffer from any musculoskeletal injuries that will limit their ability to perform the exercise protocols. Also the participants will not be smokers and will not consume alcohol and nutritional supplements.

In the first phase all participants will sign an informed consent form after they will be informed about all benefits and risks of this study and they will sign a recent historical of musculoskeletal injury or illness form. Subsequently, fasting blood samples will be collected by venipuncture using a disposable needle (20-gauge) in order to measure muscle damage markers (CK), inflammation markers (WBC) and oxidative stress markers (TBARS, PC, GSH, ΤΑC, CAT, UA). After, delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS) in the knee flexors (KF) and extensors (KE) of both limbs, body weight (BW), height and body composition (DXA method) will be measured in the lab. Completing the first phase, participants will be instructed by a dietitian how to record a 5 days diet recalls estimating the energy intake during the trials will be the same. The knee range of motion (KJRM) will be determined by the use of a goniometer, 24 hours after (second phase). The counter movement jump (CMJ) will be evaluated on a force platform using two force platforms at 1000 Hz, with each foot in parallel on the two platforms providing a separate yet time-synchronized measurement of the data for each leg. During the CMJ will be measured the jump height (cm), the ground reaction force (N), the peak and mean power (W/kg), the vertical stiffness (Kvert, N/m/kg) and the peak rate of force development (RFD, N/s), while at the same time will be evaluated the change in peak and mean normalized EMG during the eccentric and concentric phases of the counter movement jump, for the vastus medialis (VM) and vastus lateralis muscles. Electromyography data will be collected wirelessly at 2.000 Hz using a Myon MA-320 EMG system. The peak eccentric and concentric isokinetic torque of the knee flexors and extensors, in both limbs will be evaluated on an isokinetic dynamometer at 60°/sec. Also, the isometric peak torque of the knee extensors will be evaluated at 65° in both limbs. Finally, Open-circuit spirometry will be utilized for assessment of maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max) using an automated online pulmonary gas exchange system via breath-by-breath analysis during a graded exercise testing on a treadmill.

96 hours after, the participants are going to perform one of the three eccentric protocols randomly, on an isokinetic dynamometer. The eccentric protocol will be performed on a different limb for each trial. The ECC 75 trial will include 75 eccentric maximum repetitions (5 sets, 15 reps/set and recovery period: 30sec.) at 60°/sec. The ECC 150 trial will include 150 eccentric maximum repetitions (10 sets, 15 reps/set and recovery period: 30sec.) at 60°/sec. The ECC 300 trial will include 300 eccentric maximum repetitions (20 sets, 15 reps/set and recovery period: 30sec.) at 60°/sec. The DOMS indicator in the knee flexors (KF) and extensors (KE) of both limbs and the KJRM will be evaluated immediately after each protocol. Also, the (CMJ) will be evaluated on a force platform using two force platforms at 1000 Hz, with each foot in parallel on the two platforms providing a separate yet time-synchronized measurement of the data for each leg. During the CMJ will be measured the jump height (cm), the ground reaction force (N), the peak and mean power (W/kg), the vertical stiffness (Kvert, N/m/kg) and the peak rate of force development (RFD, N/s), while at the same time will be evaluated the change in peak and mean normalized EMG during the eccentric and concentric phases of the counter movement jump, for the vastus medialis (VM) and vastus lateralis muscles. Electromyography data will be collected wirelessly at 2.000 Hz using a Myon MA-320 EMG system. In addition, the peak eccentric and concentric isokinetic torque of the knee flexors and extensors, in both limbs will be evaluated on an isokinetic dynamometer at 60o/sec. Also, the isometric peak torque of the knee extensors will be evaluated at 65o in both limbs. All the above markers will be evaluated 24, 48 and 192 hours post eccentric protocol, however at these time points, fasting blood samples (20ml) will be collected in order to estimate hematological and biochemical indicators. Α 2 - week washout period will be adapted among trials. After, the participants will perform the process until they complete the trials.

Recruitment information / eligibility

• Status: Completed
• Enrollment: 10
• Est. completion date: April 30, 2022
• Est. primary completion date: February 28, 2022
• Accepts healthy volunteers: Accepts Healthy Volunteers
• Gender: Male
• Age group: 18 Years to 30 Years

Eligibility

Inclusion Criteria:

• Aged between 18 and 30 years

• Body Mass Index between 18.5-24.9 kg/m*m

• Free of chronic diseases

• Free of musculoskeletal injury

• participants should be non-smokers

Exclusion Criteria:

• Musculoskeletal injury

• Chronic disease

• Use of alcohol, caffeine and any type of nutritional supplements or medication before (= 6 months) and throughout the study.

Related Conditions & MeSH terms

• Muscle Damage

Intervention

Other:
• 75 eccentric contractions
An acute bout of eccentric exercise will be performed on an isokinetic dynamometer, including 5 sets of 15 repetitions, with 30 sec rest intervals,at 60 degrees/sec.
• 150 eccentric contractions
An acute bout of eccentric exercise will be performed on an isokinetic dynamometer, including 10 sets of 15 repetitions, with 30 sec rest intervals,at 60 degrees/sec.
• 300 eccentric contractions
An acute bout of eccentric exercise will be performed on an isokinetic dynamometer, including 20 sets of 15 repetitions, with 30 sec rest intervals,at 60 degrees/sec.

Locations

Country	Name	City	State
Greece	University o Thessaly, School of Physical Education and Sports Science	Tríkala

Sponsors (1)

Lead Sponsor	Collaborator
University of Thessaly

Country where clinical trial is conducted

Greece, 

Outcome

Type	Measure	Description	Time frame	Safety issue
Primary	Change in white blood cell count	White blood cell count will be measured using an automatic blood analyzer	At baseline, at 24, 48 and 192 hours following the eccentric exercise protocol.
Primary	Change in catalase activity	Concentration of catalase will be measured in red blood cells	At baseline, at 24, 48 and 192 hours following the eccentric exercise protocol.
Primary	Change in uric acid in plasma	concentration of uric acid will be measured in plasma	At baseline, at 24, 48 and 192 hours following the eccentric exercise protocol.
Primary	Change in protein carbonyls in blood	Concentration of protein carbonyls will be measured in red blood cells	At baseline, at 24, 48 and 192 hours following the eccentric exercise protocol.
Primary	Change in total antioxidant capacity	total antioxidant capacity will be measured in serum	At baseline, at 24, 48 and 192 hours following the eccentric exercise protocol.
Primary	Change in reduced glutathione in blood	Concentration of oxidized glutathione will be measured in red blood cells	At baseline, at 24, 48 and 192 hours following the eccentric exercise protocol.
Primary	Change in thiobarbituric acid reactive substances	Thiobarbituric acid will be measured in plasma	At baseline, at 24, 48 and 192 hours following the eccentric exercise protocol.
Primary	Change in Creatine kinase in blood	Creatine kinase will be measured in plasma	At baseline, at 24, 48 and 192 hours following the eccentric exercise protocol.
Primary	Change in countermovement jump height	Countermovement jump height will be measured using two force platforms at 1000 Hz, with each foot in parallel on the two platforms providing a separate yet time-synchronized measurement of the jump height data for each leg.	At baseline, at 1 hour and 24, 48 and 192 hours following the eccentric exercise protocol.
Primary	Change in ground reaction force (GRF) during countermovement jump test	The ground reaction force will be measured using two force platforms at 1000 Hz, with each foot in parallel on the two platforms providing a separate yet time-synchronized measurement of the GRF data for each leg.	At baseline, at 1 hour and 24, 48 and 192 hours following the eccentric exercise protocol.
Primary	Change in peak power during countermovement jump test	The peak power will be measured using two force platforms at 1000 Hz, with each foot in parallel on the two platforms providing a separate yet time-synchronized measurement of the peak power data for each leg.	At baseline, at 1 hour and 24, 48 and 192 hours following the eccentric exercise protocol.
Primary	Change in mean power during countermovement jump test	The mean power will be measured using two force platforms at 1000 Hz, with each foot in parallel on the two platforms providing a separate yet time-synchronized measurement of the mean power data for each leg.	At baseline, at 1 hour and 24, 48 and 192 hours following the eccentric exercise protocol.
Primary	Change in vertical stifness during countermovement jump test	The vertical stiffness will be measured using two force platforms at 1000 Hz, with each foot in parallel on the two platforms providing a separate yet time-synchronized measurement of vertical stifness data for each leg.	At baseline, at 1 hour and 24, 48 and 192 hours following the eccentric exercise protocol.
Primary	Change in peak rate of force develpemnt during countermovement jump test	The Peak rate of force development will be measured using two force platforms at 1000 Hz, with each foot in parallel on the two platforms providing a separate yet time-synchronized measurement of the Peak RFD data for each leg.	At baseline, at 1 hour and 24, 48 and 192 hours following the eccentric exercise protocol.
Primary	Change in peak normalized EMG during the eccentric and concentric phases of the counter movement jump	Electromyography data will be collected wirelessly at 2.000 Hz using a Myon MA-320 EMG system (Myon AG, Schwarzenberg, Switzerland) for the vastus medialis (VM) and vastus lateralis muscles.	At baseline, at 1 hour and 24, 48 and 192 hours following the eccentric exercise protocol.
Primary	Change in mean normalized EMG during the eccentric and concentric phases of the counter movement jump	Electromyography data will be collected wirelessly at 2.000 Hz using a Myon MA-320 EMG system (Myon AG, Schwarzenberg, Switzerland) for the vastus medialis (VM) and vastus lateralis muscles.	At baseline, at 1 hour and 24, 48 and 192 hours following the eccentric exercise protocol.
Primary	Change in knee range of motion	Knee range of motion will be measured by goniometer	At baseline, at 1 hour and 24, 48 and 192 hours following the eccentric exercise protocol.
Primary	Change in eccentric isokinetic knee extensors peak torque	Eccentric isokinetic knee extensors peak torque will be assessed on an isokinetic dynamometer	At baseline, 1 hour, at 24, 48 and 192 hours following the eccentric exercise protocol.
Primary	Change in concentric isokinetic knee extensors peak torque	Concentric isokinetic knee extensors peak torque will be assessed on an isokinetic dynamometer	At baseline, 1 hour, at 24, 48 and 192 hours following the eccentric exercise protocol.
Primary	Change in eccentric isokinetic knee flexors peak torque	Eccentric isokinetic knee flexors peak torque will be assessed on an isokinetic dynamometer	At baseline, 1 hour, at 24, 48 and 192 hours following the eccentric exercise protocol.
Primary	Change in concentric isokinetic knee flexors peak torque	Concentric Iisokinetic knee flexors peak torque will be assessed on an isokinetic dynamometer	At baseline, 1 hour, at 24, 48 and 192 hours following the eccentric exercise protocol.
Primary	Change in isometric peak torque	The isometric peak torque will be assessed on an isokinetic dyanmometer	At baseline, 1 hour, at 24, 48 and 192 hours following the eccentric exercise protocol.
Primary	Change in fatigue index of isometric torque during 10 second	Fatigue rate during MVIC will be estimated through the percent drop of peak torque between the first and the last three seconds of a 10-secong maximal isometric contraction.	At baseline, 1hour, at 24, 48 and 192 hours following the eccentric exercise protocol.
Primary	Change in delayed onset of muscle soreness (DOMS) in the knee flexors (KF) and extensors (KE) of both limbs	Muscle soreness (KF and KE) will be assessed during palpation of the muscle belly and the distal region	At baseline, 1 hour, at 24, 48 and 192 hours following the eccentric exercise protocol.
Secondary	Body weight	Body weight will be measured on a beam balance with stadiometer	At baseline
Secondary	Body height	Body height will be measured on a beam balance with stadiometer	At baseline
Secondary	Body fat	Body fat will be measured by using Dual-emission X-ray absorptiometry	At baseline
Secondary	Dietary intake	Dietary intake will be assessed using 5 -day diet recalls	Over a 5 -day period at baseline
Secondary	Maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max)	Maximal oxygen consumption will be measured by open circuit spirometry via breath by breath method	At baseline