Microscopic Polyangiitis Clinical Trial
— BRAVOOfficial title:
Biosimilars of Rituximab in ANCA-associated Vasculitis Compared to the Originator (BRAVO): a CanVasc Multicentre Study
The goal of this multicentre observational study is to compare the safety and effectiveness of rituximab biosimilars to the originator in Canadian patients with Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis (GPA) and Microscopic Polyangiitis (MPA), two main forms of ANCA-associated vasculitis (AAV). The main questions it aims to answer are: - Is there a difference in vasculitis control between originator and biosimilar rituximab? - Is there a difference in adverse effects between originator and biosimilar rituximab? - In the Canadian healthcare context, are wait times to receive approval (financial coverage) for rituximab shorter for biosimilars compared to originators? Investigators will perform study assessments (including recording disease activity, damage, and adverse events) at the time of participants' usual clinical care visits, at regular intervals for 2 years after starting rituximab (for induction or maintenance treatment) or switching from an originator to a biosimilar as part of their usual care. Researchers will compare outcomes among participants who have received rituximab originators (from 2018 onwards) or biosimilars as part of their usual care, to see if there are differences in relapses, remission rates, damage, serious infections, serious adverse events, and treatment approval wait times.
Status | Active, not recruiting |
Enrollment | 201 |
Est. completion date | September 15, 2025 |
Est. primary completion date | September 15, 2025 |
Accepts healthy volunteers | No |
Gender | All |
Age group | 18 Years and older |
Eligibility | Inclusion Criteria: Prospective cohort: Initiated within the last 6 months: 1. RTX biosimilar or originator for induction OR 2. RTX biosimilar or originator for maintenance (with or without prior RTX induction) OR 3. Switched from RTX originator maintenance to biosimilar maintenance (4-12 months between infusions) Historical cohort: Followed in a prospective longitudinal cohort study/registry within the CanVasc network, and initiated the following after January 1, 2018 but >6 months prior to study enrollment 1. RTX biosimilar or originator for induction OR 2. RTX biosimilar or originator for maintenance (with or without RTX induction) Exclusion Criteria: - patients without a diagnosis of GPA or MPA - patients who did not/are not receiving RTX induction or maintenance therapy - patients who initiated most recent RTX treatment course prior to Jan 1, 2018 - patients receiving RTX for reasons other than GPA or MPA induction or maintenance (e.g. other concurrent disease) - unable to provide informed consent |
Country | Name | City | State |
---|---|---|---|
Canada | University of Calgary | Calgary | Alberta |
Canada | University of Alberta | Edmonton | Alberta |
Canada | St Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton (McMaster University) | Hamilton | Ontario |
Canada | Lawson Research Institute (Western University) | London | Ontario |
Canada | Centre Intégré Universitaire de Santé et de Services Sociaux du Nord-de-l'île-de-Montréal (CIUSSS NÎM) / Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal | Montreal | Quebec |
Canada | McGill University (Montreal General Hospital) | Montreal | Quebec |
Canada | Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (Ottawa University) | Ottawa | Ontario |
Canada | Sinai Health System (University of Toronto) | Toronto | Ontario |
Canada | University of British Columbia (Vancouver Coastal Health Authority) | Vancouver | British Columbia |
Lead Sponsor | Collaborator |
---|---|
McGill University Health Centre/Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre | Canadian Initiative for Outcomes in Rheumatology Care, CAnadian Network for Advanced Interdisciplinary Methods for comparative effectiveness research, Hopital du Sacre-Coeur de Montreal, Lawson Health Research Institute, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Sinai Health System, St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, University of Alberta, University of British Columbia, University of Calgary |
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* Note: There are 13 references in all — Click here to view all references
Type | Measure | Description | Time frame | Safety issue |
---|---|---|---|---|
Other | COVID-19 infections | Rates of COVID-19 infections will be assessed among participants treated with RTX from September 2019 onwards (either originator or biosimilar, induction or maintenance), overall and stratified by vaccination status | 6 months | |
Other | COVID-19 hospitalizations | Rates of COVID-19 hospitalizations at 6 months will be assessed among participants treated with RTX from September 2019 onwards (either originator or biosimilar, induction or maintenance), overall and stratified by vaccination status | 6 months | |
Other | COVID-19 infections | Rates of COVID-19 infections will be assessed among participants treated with RTX from September 2019 onwards (either originator or biosimilar, induction or maintenance), overall and stratified by vaccination status | 24 months | |
Other | COVID-19 hospitalizations | Rates of COVID-19 hospitalizations at 24 months will be assessed among participants treated with RTX from September 2019 onwards (either originator or biosimilar, induction or maintenance), overall and stratified by vaccination status | 24 months | |
Other | Symptomatic late onset neutropenia (LON) | Symptomatic late onset neutropenia (LON) is defined as neutropenia associated with fever OR infection where no other explanation is found (LON typically occurs a month after the RTX infusion, and is most often totally asymptomatic).
Crude event rates of LON will be calculated by dividing the number of events during follow-up by the corresponding person-time at risk. |
24 months | |
Other | Symptomatic hypogammaglobulinemia | Symptomatic hypogammaglobulinemia is defined as infection associated with hypogammaglobulinemia (IgG < local laboratory limit).
Crude event rates of symptomatic hypogammaglobulinemia in each exposure group will be calculated by dividing the number of events during follow-up by the corresponding person-time at risk. |
24 months | |
Primary | Proportion of participants with a relapse | Relapse will be defined as active disease in any organ system (BVAS v3>0) after remission had previously been achieved AND need to escalate glucocorticoids (GC) to =20 mg/day OR change immunosuppression, including receiving RTX infusion earlier than planned/higher dose than planned
The proportion of participants with relapses at 6 months will be compared between groups. |
6 months | |
Primary | Time to relapse | Relapse will be defined as active disease in any organ system (BVAS v3>0) after remission had previously been achieved AND need to escalate glucocorticoids (GC) to =20 mg/day OR change immunosuppression, including receiving RTX infusion earlier than planned/higher dose than planned.
Survival analyses will compare time to disease relapse between originator and biosimilar recipients, adjusting for potential confounders |
From Month 0 until date of first relapse, assessed up to 24 months | |
Secondary | Proportion of participants with a major relapse | Major relapse will be defined as any relapse with one or more of the BVAS/WG major items: gangrene, scleritis, retinal exudates/hemorrhage, sensorineural deafness, mesenteric ischemia, alveolar hemorrhage, respiratory failure, urinary red blood cell casts, rise in creatinine >30% or fall in creatinine clearance >25%, meningitis, cord lesion, stroke, cranial nerve palsy, sensory peripheral neuropathy, motor mononeuritis multiplex
The proportion of participants with a major relapse at 6 months will be compared between groups. |
6 months | |
Secondary | Proportion in clinical remission 6 months post-induction | Assessed in subgroup receiving RTX induction. Clinical remission will be defined as absence of disease activity in any organ system (BVAS v3=0) | 6 months | |
Secondary | Proportion with a Serious Adverse Event (SAE) | SAE will be defined as any medical event, not necessarily causally related to the treatment, that requires inpatient hospitalization, prolongation of hospitalization, causes a congenital malformation, results in significant disability or incapacity, that is life threatening or that results in death. Sensitivity analysis will exclude hospitalizations due to disease relapse as SAEs.
The proportion of participants with >=1 SAE will be compared between groups at 6 months. |
6 months | |
Secondary | Proportion with a Serious Infection (SI) | SI will be defined as any infection requiring intravenous (IV) antibiotics, or resulting in hospitalization, prolonging hospitalization, or death
The proportion of participants with >=1 SI will be compared between groups at 6 months. Survival analyses will compare time to SI between biosimilar and originator groups, adjusting potential confounders and stratifying by RTX exposure type (induction only vs induction + maintenance). |
6 months | |
Secondary | Wait time (days) from RTX application to approval and first infusion | Among participants newly starting RTX for induction or maintenance, mean wait time from RTX application to approval and infusion will be compared between originator and biosimilar groups using multiple linear regression, adjusting for potential confounders.
Secondary analyses will stratify outcomes according RTX exposure category (RTX induction only, RTX induction followed by RTX maintenance, RTX maintenance without RTX induction). |
6 months | |
Secondary | Change in Vasculitis Damage Index (VDI) | Vasculitis damage will be measured with the Vasculitis Damage Index (VDI).
Change in VDI over time will be compared between groups using linear mixed effects models for repeated measures, overall and according RTX exposure category (RTX induction only, RTX induction followed by RTX maintenance, RTX maintenance without RTX induction). |
From Baseline (Month 0) to 6 months | |
Secondary | Proportion with a Relapse | Relapse will be defined as active disease in any organ system (BVAS v3>0) after remission had previously been achieved AND need to escalate glucocorticoids (GC) to =20 mg/day OR change immunosuppression, including receiving RTX infusion earlier than planned/higher dose than planned.
The proportion of participants with >=1 relapse at 24 months will be compared between originator and biosimilar recipients. |
24 months | |
Secondary | Proportion with Major relapse | Major relapse will be defined as any relapse with one or more of the BVAS/WG major items: gangrene, scleritis, retinal exudates/hemorrhage, sensorineural deafness, mesenteric ischemia, alveolar hemorrhage, respiratory failure, urinary red blood cell casts, rise in creatinine >30% or fall in creatinine clearance >25%, meningitis, cord lesion, stroke, cranial nerve palsy, sensory peripheral neuropathy, motor mononeuritis multiplex
The proportion of participants with >=1 major relapse at 24 months will be compared between originator and biosimilar groups. |
24 months | |
Secondary | Proportion with a Serious Adverse Event (SAE) | SAE will be defined as any medical event, not necessarily causally related to the treatment, that requires inpatient hospitalization, prolongation of hospitalization, causes a congenital malformation, results in significant disability or incapacity, that is life threatening or that results in death. Sensitivity analysis will exclude hospitalizations due to disease relapse as SAEs.
The proportion of participants with >=1 SAE will be compared between groups at 24 months. |
24 months | |
Secondary | Proportion with a Serious Infection (SI) | SI will be defined as any infection requiring intravenous (IV) antibiotics, or resulting in hospitalization, prolonging hospitalization, or death
The proportion of participants with >=1 SI will be compared between groups at 24 months. |
24 months | |
Secondary | Proportion needing to discontinue RTX due to treatment failure | Treatment failure is defined as rituximab cessation due to an adverse event or relapse. The proportion discontinuing RTX due to treatment failure (due to adverse events or relapse) will be compared between groups. | 24 months | |
Secondary | Change in Vasculitis Damage Index (VDI) | Vasculitis damage will be measured with the Vasculitis Damage Index (VDI).
Change in VDI over time will be compared between groups using linear mixed effects models for repeated measures, overall and according RTX exposure category (RTX induction only, RTX induction followed by RTX maintenance, RTX maintenance without RTX induction). |
From Baseline (Month 0) to 24 months | |
Secondary | Time to major relapse | Major relapse will be defined as any relapse with one or more of the BVAS/WG major items: gangrene, scleritis, retinal exudates/hemorrhage, sensorineural deafness, mesenteric ischemia, alveolar hemorrhage, respiratory failure, urinary red blood cell casts, rise in creatinine >30% or fall in creatinine clearance >25%, meningitis, cord lesion, stroke, cranial nerve palsy, sensory peripheral neuropathy, motor mononeuritis multiplex
Survival analyses will compare time to major relapse between originator and biosimilar recipients. |
From Month 0 until date of first major relapse, assessed up to 24 months | |
Secondary | Time to Serious Adverse Event (SAE) | SAE will be defined as any medical event, not necessarily causally related to the treatment, that requires inpatient hospitalization, prolongation of hospitalization, causes a congenital malformation, results in significant disability or incapacity, that is life threatening or that results in death. Sensitivity analysis will exclude hospitalizations due to disease relapse as SAEs.
Survival analyses will compare time to SAE between exposure groups, adjusting for potential confounders |
From baseline (Month 0) until date of first SAE, assessed up to 24 months | |
Secondary | Time to Serious Infection (SI) | SI will be defined as any infection requiring intravenous (IV) antibiotics, or resulting in hospitalization, prolonging hospitalization, or death
Survival analyses will compare time to SI between biosimilar and originator groups, adjusting potential confounders and stratifying by RTX exposure type (induction only vs induction + maintenance). |
From baseline (Month 0) until date of first SI, assessed up to 24 months | |
Secondary | Time to RTX discontinuation due to treatment failure | Treatment failure is defined as rituximab cessation due to an adverse event or relapse.
Survival analyses will compare time to RTX discontinuation due to adverse event or relapse between originator and biosimilar groups. |
From Month 0 until date of first relapse, assessed up to 24 months |
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