View clinical trials related to Meningitis.
Filter by:To study the clinical effectiveness and safety of amphotericin B with flucytosine-fluconazole therapy for cryptococcal meningitis in patients with HIV infection.
This is a phase IV, single-center, observer-blind, randomized, controlled vaccine trial in 2 to 10 years old healthy subjects. Each participant will receive a single intramuscular injection of one of the two vaccines either MPV ACYW® vaccine or Menactra ® vaccine according to the vaccine group assignment and will be followed up for one month for immunogenicity evaluation and for 6 months for safety evaluation. Statistical Hypothesis: H0: Seroconversion rate of test group is inferior to that of control group HA: Seroconversion rate of test group is non-inferior to that of control group Sample size calculation: the sample size was calculated based on non-inferiority test with alpha level of 0.025 and 80% power, assuming seroconversion rate in control group was 95% with non-inferiority margin at 10%. The sample size required for the study is 124 per arm. After adjusting for 5% drop-out, the final sample size required is 130 per arm.
The investigator hypothesizes that oxidative stress responses to West Nile virus infection in the central nervous system determine the severity of infection and the long-term neurological, neuropsychological and functional sequelae of West Nile Neuroinvasive Disease.
Oropharynx is the main source of pathogen microorganisms for the ventilator - associated pneumoniae. As known bacteriophages can eliminate different pathogen microorganisms or reduce a degree of a pathogen's colonization. The research team is considering that oropharyngeal decontamination with bacteriophages can prevent the developing of the ventilator - associated pneumoniae. There will be three groups in this investigation: placebo, antiseptic drug (Octenisept) and bacteriophage (Sexthaphag).
The rapid diagnosis of tuberculosis (TB) in children remains a serious challenge owing to limitations in the existing diagnostic tests. TB meningitis (TBM), an extrapulmonary form of TB, is the most severe manifestation of paediatric TB. TBM results in high morbidity and mortality in children, despite the availability of chemotherapy, mainly due to diagnostic delay. Most tests required for proper TBM diagnosis including analysis of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and brain imaging are not available in resource-limited settings e.g., in most of Africa including South Africa. New tests for TBM are urgently needed. The main goal of this proposal is to develop a point-of-care (POC) diagnostic test for TBM, based on CSF and bloodbiomarkers. Aim 1: Evaluate the diagnostic potentials of 51 host inflammatory biomarkers that the investigators recently identified in CSF and blood samples from children with suspected meningitis in a repository of 100 stored CSF and serum samples using a multiplex platform. After statistical analysis including multi-marker modelling by linear discriminant analysis, random forest, and other modelling techniques, the investigators will select the best combination of up to four biomarkers for incorporation into the prototype diagnostic test (Aim 2). Aim 2: Incorporate the best performing CSF and serum biomarkers into a novel, patented biosensor-based POC diagnostic test. The investigators will develop a multi-biomarker prototype test for detecting up to 4 biomarkers in serum or CSF. Aim 3: Evaluate the newly developed POC test on 300 children prospectively. This will be done at the Tygerberg Academic Hospital. The diagnostic yield of the POC test will be compared to the routine diagnostic tests.
There has been no previous qualitative study conducted in a low-income setting which has aimed to explore the experience of individuals who enrol into a clinical trial for the management of a life-threatening illness. The investigators plan to collect data from trial participants, their next-of-kin, and researchers working on a multi-site randomised controlled trial for the treatment of HIV-associated cryptococcal meningitis.
This study will evaluate the persistence of immunogenicity following a reduced dosing schedule of 10- or 13-valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine (PCV10, PCV13). This is the follow-up of a randomized controlled trial in which children received a single priming dose of PCV10 or PCV13 (at 6 or 14 weeks of age) followed by booster dose at 9 months of age (1+1 schedule), compared to a 2+1 PCV schedule (6, 14 weeks of age and 9 months of age).
In this study, the investigators will evaluate the immunogenicity of a quadrivalent conjugate meningococcal vaccine in healthy, plateletpheresis donors.
The purpose of this study is to assess how clinicians apply guidance in the assessment of febrile infants presenting the the Emergency Department. The measurable outcomes are: Primary Objective Report the rates of serious and invasive bacterial infections in febrile infants Secondary Objectives Report on the predictive value of different clinical features for predicting bacterial infections. Report on the value of biomarkers for predicting serious and invasive bacterial infections. Assess the performance of clinical practice guidelines for the assessment of febrile infants.
Background: Patients with suspected brain infections pose major challenges to low and middle income countries, including their disproportionately high burden, diverse causes with inadequate surveillance, requirement for invasive and expensive tests, and the difficulty of management without a clear diagnosis. This is all compounded by resource and system constraints. Few studies have attempted to improve the care of these people in resource-limited settings. Aim: This study sets out to improve the diagnosis and early management of people with suspected acute (<28 days of symptoms) brain infections in low and middle income countries, using a coordinated thematic approach. Outcomes: The primary outcome will be proportion of people with suspected acute brain infection receiving a diagnosis. Secondary outcomes will include mortality, length of stay in hospital, quality of life, degree of disability, and proportion having a lumbar puncture test. Participants: Children and adults with features consistent with an acute brain infection, including meningitis and encephalitis, will be recruited at a variety of hospitals in Brazil, India and Malawi. Study procedures: An assessment of current practice and capabilities at each hospital, including patient and sample journey observations and interviews with healthcare staff, will identify barriers to optimal care. Using this, a sustainable pragmatic multi-component intervention will be produced, with components modifiable to each hospital's needs. Outcomes will be reassessed post-intervention.