View clinical trials related to Loiasis.
Filter by:Onchocerciasis, also known as river blindness, is one of the disease targeted for elimination by the World Health Organization (WHO) in the group of Neglected Tropical Diseases. Existing diagnostic tools for onchocerciasis have limitations that make mapping, epidemiological assessments and verification of elimination of onchocerciasis difficult. It is in this context that WHO, in its 2021-2030 roadmap for onchocerciasis, has identified the development of new diagnostic tests, or the improvement of existing diagnostic tests, as a critical condition for achieving the goal of eliminating onchocerciasis transmission. To this end, a series of cross-sectional studies will be carried out in Cameroun over a one year period to collect and characterize biological samples for the development and evaluation of a new rapid diagnostic test for onchocerciasis. The study will target individuals aged 18 and over, mono-infected with one of the filarial species Onchocerca volvulus, Loa loa or Mansonella perstans; and non-infected. At the end of this study, data on the endemicity of onchocerciasis, loiasis and mansonellosis in the selected communities will be updated. More importantly, a new rapid diagnostic test will be developed, which can then be used to monitor the activities of onchocerciasis control programs.
The aim of the study is to evaluate the safety and efficacy of a 3- and 5-day course of levamisole (2.5 mg/kg) in management of loiasis microfilaremia.
Loiasis is a vector-borne filariasis endemic in the forested areas in Central Africa whose incidence and morbi-mortality are poorly understood. Estimated prevalence is around 10 millions cases for a population around 30 million people. Considered to be a benign pathology, it has recently been associated with excess mortality, mainly in cases with major microfilaremia (> 8000 mf/ml). Transmission is related to a mostly diurnal vector from the Chrysops genus. Adult worms are located in skin and subcutaneous tissues of infected patients. Females worms produce microfilariae which join bloodstream. Infected patients are mainly asymptomatic. Nevertheless, adult worms migration can lead to transient oedema (" œdème de Calabar ") ; adult worm can also be observed during subcunjonctival migration. Hypereosinophilia is also frequently encountered. Microfilariae presence in the bloodstream is asymptomatic, even in individuals with major microfilaremia. Treatment differs according to the initial microfilaremia. There are three drugs available : diethylcarbamazine (DEC) ; albendazole (ALB) and ivermectin (IVM) each with different macrofilaricidal and microfiliaricidal activities. Several treatment guidelines based on the initial microfilaremia and drug activities have been proposed, on the basis of limited data. DEC is suggested for patients with microfilaremia < 2000 mf/ml. Regarding patients with microfilaremia between 2000 and 8000 mf/ml, initial treatment with IVM followed by DEC is suggested. Regarding patients with microfilaremia between 8000 mf/ml and 30000 mf/ml, initial treatment with IVM or ALB followed by DEC is suggested. Regarding patients with microfilaremia > 30000 mf/ml, initial treatment with ALB or apheresis is suggested to reduce blood microfilaremia, followed by DEC. All these guidelines are associated with major adverse events, mainly life-threatening encephalopathies. These adverse events are mostly encountered in patients with major blood microfilaremia. The objective is to describe clinical characteristics, the management and clinical and biological evolution of patients with loiasis and positive blood microfilaremia.
This study aims at evaluating the diagnosis performances of the LTS-2 DEC patch for onchocerciasis compared to the gold standard which are the skin snips. This study will be conducted in Cameroon in two different areas : Ngog-Mapubi and Bafia Health Districts (one area only endemic for onchocerciasis, and one area endemic for both loiasis and onchocerciasis).