Outcome
Type |
Measure |
Description |
Time frame |
Safety issue |
Other |
Fasting glucose concentrations |
Fasting blood glucose concentrations (mg/dL) will be determined for each participant before-, during (week 4), and after- the 8-week training or control period. |
8-weeks |
|
Other |
Fasting lipid concentrations |
Fasting blood lipid concentrations (mg/dL) will be determined for each participant before-, during (week 4), and after- the 8-week training or control period. |
8-weeks |
|
Other |
Fasting choleterol concentrations |
Fasting blood cholesterol concentrations (mg/dL) will be determined for each participant before-, during (week 4), and after- the 8-week training or control period. |
8-weeks |
|
Other |
Self Efficacy |
Participants' levels of self-efficacy will be assessed with the General Self-Efficacy Scale before- and after- the 8-week training or control period. |
8-weeks |
|
Other |
Self Esteem |
Participants' levels of self-efficacy will be assessed with the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale before- and after- the 8-week training or control period. |
8-weeks |
|
Other |
Grit |
Participants' levels of Grit will be measured using the 12-item Grit scale, which assesses passion and perseverance for achieving long-term goals, before- and after- the 8-week training or control period. |
8-weeks |
|
Primary |
C-reactive protein |
C-reactive protein concentrations (mg/L) will be examined from blood samples taken before- and after- the 8-week training or control period. |
8-weeks |
|
Primary |
Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor |
Plasma concentrations of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF; pg/mL), a biomarker of neurogenesis, will be examined from blood samples taken before- and after- the 8-week training or control period. |
8-weeks |
|
Primary |
Skeletal muscle size |
Ultrasound based assessments of skeletal muscle size (cm^2) will be obtained before- and after- the 8-week training or control period. |
8-weeks |
|
Primary |
Skeletal muscle strength |
Skeletal muscle strength (Newton meters [Nm]) will be determined before- and after- the 8-week training or control period. |
8-weeks |
|
Primary |
TNF-alpha |
TNF-alpha concentrations (pg/mL) will be examined from blood samples taken before- and after- the 8-week training or control period. TNF-alpha is a cytokine involved in systemic inflammation. |
8-weeks |
|
Primary |
Interleukin-1 receptor agonist |
Interleukin-1 receptor agonist concentrations (pg/mL) will be examined from blood samples taken before- and after- the 8-week training or control period. |
8-weeks |
|
Primary |
Skeletal muscle function |
Motor unit behavior will be assessed utilizing surface electromyographic signal decomposition, which will be collected while participants perform submaximal isometric (i.e., static) muscle actions. These signals will be collected before- and after- the 8-week training or control period. To examine motor unit behavior, the relationship between motor unit recruitment threshold versus firing rate will be determined for all detected motor units for an individual subject. |
8-weeks |
|
Primary |
Cortisol |
Concentrations of salivary cortisol (µg/dL), a stress hormone, will be obtained twice in one day (8 h between samples) before- and after- the 8-week training or control period. |
8-weeks |
|
Secondary |
Health-related quality of life |
Health-Related Quality of Life: The RAND 36-item short form survey instrument (SF-36) will be used to assess health-related quality of life (HQROL) before- and after- the 8-week training or control period. This will serve as an overall assessment of each individuals' perception of their health. |
8-weeks |
|
Secondary |
Anxiety |
Participants' levels of anxiety will be assessed using the Zung Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) before- and after- the 8-week training or control period. |
8-weeks |
|
Secondary |
Depression |
Participants' levels of depression will be measured utilizing the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale Revised (CESD-R) before- and after- the 8-week training or control period. |
8-weeks |
|
Secondary |
Resiliency |
Participants' resiliency will be measured using the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale before- and after- the 8-week training or control period. |
8-weeks |
|
Secondary |
Hope |
Participants' levels of hope will be assessed with the 12-item adult hope scale before- and after- the 8-week training or control period. |
8-weeks |
|
Secondary |
Monocyte Heterogeneity |
The heterogeneity of monocyte populations will be determined from the white blood cells in blood plasma using flow cytometry. The relative number (%) of CD14++CD16- vs. CD14+CD16++ vs. CD14++CD16+ monocytes will be determined for each participant before- and after- the 8-week training or control period. |
8-weeks |
|